2024-2025 Annual Reports of Committees of The Florida Bar
Admiralty and Maritime Law Certification
This year the Admiralty and Maritime Law Certification Committee continued its work of preparing, updating, and revising its comprehensive exam to test the knowledge, experience, and abilities of Florida lawyers for certification in the area of admiralty and maritime law. This unique area of the law provides a challenge to test preparers and test takers.
The certification exam covers 15 distinct areas of admiralty and maritime law, including admiralty jurisdiction, marine insurance, limitation of liability, maritime liens, and maritime personal injuries. Each area may contain as many as five or six subtopics, all of which are important areas of inquiry for the exam. The exam includes 100 mandatory multiple-choice questions, and a variety of fact patterns touching the primary substantive subjects in the discipline. The questions reflect the various specialties and test the applicant’s broad knowledge of admiralty procedure and maritime law.
During 2024-2025 year, the committee met numerous times virtually to prepare and finalize the test; continued its review of the applicable rules; and discussed changes to the exam questions by reducing the length of the factual patterns.
The committee also reviewed the applications submitted by potential test-takers to ensure applications met the minimum qualifications for certification. In addition, the committee reviewed applications for recertification and assisted the aviation section in reviewing some of its recertification applications. Presently, Florida and California are the only states in the U.S. with admiralty and maritime law certification programs.
An important goal of the committee and the Bar is to increase the number of certified lawyers in the admiralty and maritime specialty. This helps to strengthen the field and to meet and overcome the effects of generational turnover. To this end, committee members advocate for admiralty board certification with their colleagues and at seminars/conferences/professional gatherings. Some other ideas are to track attendees of the Florida Admiralty and Maritime Law Committee seminars for possible attorneys that may be good candidates to apply for board certification. The committee would like to explore the possibility of promotional videos to advocate for board certification. The committee always encourages certified attorneys and law firms to mentor younger lawyers who are practicing admiralty and maritime law and will soon be meeting the five-year minimum experience requirement for taking the exam.
Thank you to the members of the 2024-2025 committee for their hard work and commitment to ensuring the highest standards for certification are maintained. Committee members for 2024-2025 are Chair Michael William McLeod, Vice Chair Anthony John Cuva, Raul Julio Chacon, Jr., Barbara A. Kreitz Cook, C. Ryan M. Eslinger, Robert Louis Gardana, Carlos Felipe Llinás Negret, David Robb Maass, and David Avellar Neblett.
A special thank you to our Bar staff liaison, Ms. Chyra Reynolds, whose hard work and support was indispensable to our work throughout this past year.
Michael W. McLeod, Chair
Advertising
The Standing Committee on Advertising is responsible for advising members of The Florida Bar on permissible advertising and marketing practices. The committee reviews appeals of opinions issued by staff counsel, offers guidance to staff in evaluating lawyer advertisements, makes recommendations regarding rule changes, and provides guidance to Florida Bar members concerning both the substantive and procedural requirements of the advertising rules.
The committee advises Bar members on the substance of the advertising rules through a variety of different methods. An in-depth analysis of the filing requirements, substantive regulations, and committee interpretations is provided by the committee’s Handbook on Lawyer Advertising and Solicitation. The Handbook is regularly updated by the committee to reflect important changes that have occurred. The Handbook, the Bar’s Advertising Regulation and Information page, and other information addressed in this report are available on the Bar’s website at www.floridabar.org.
Similar to other recent years, 2024-2025 was a very busy year for staff. While the Committee on Advertising reviewed advertisements filed by members of The Florida Bar, it also considered recommendations from Florida Bar members and the Board of Governors. The committee met in-person at the 2024 Annual Florida Bar Convention and via Zoom for all other meetings.
By far the most time-consuming task of the committee this year, as in past years, has been reviewing advertisements filed by members of The Florida Bar to determine whether they comply with the advertising rules. The committee reviews staff opinions regarding lawyer advertisements if review is requested by an advertising attorney. If the advertising attorney disagrees with the committee’s decision, they may request review of committee decisions by the Board of Governors. The committee also answers requests for guidance by staff to foster compliance with the rules. The committee works hard to apply the advertising rules fairly to all types of advertisements and to balance the rights of advertisers with the needs and concerns of the public.
Notable Advertising Decisions: Some of the committee’s decisions from 2024-2025 include the following — all of which were consistent with previous decisions made by the Board of Governors:
First, the committee determined a law firm could not interchangeably use the names “Law Offices of Craig Goldenfarb” and “GOLDLAW”, but that “GOLDLAW” — the shortened version of the law firm owner’s name, “Goldenfarb” — was permissible if used consistently.
The committee determined that the following statement is deceptive or inherently misleading:
And if one hits you or your family, know that the trucking companies are working hard against you even before you get to the hospital. They have a head start and critical evidence can disappear overnight.
The committee also determined that the image of a shark’s dorsal fin above ocean waves — depicted on the law firm’s logo, letterhead, envelope, and in the center of a QR-code — is not deceptive and inherently misleading and does not imply the lawyer will use tactics that violate the Professional Rules of Conduct, law, or court rule.
At its most recent meeting, the committee determined that law firm name, “Apex Law Firm,” does not characterize the lawyer or law firm’s skills, experience, reputation or record or improperly compare the lawyer’s services to another lawyer’s service.
Finally, the committee determined that the following language is not a prediction or guarantee of success or specific results:
Become Unburdened From What Has Been! Make Yourself Great Again!
Advertising Filing Changes Coming Soon: Effective May 1, 2025, Bar staff will go paperless and will send all advertisement opinions via email to the responsible lawyer’s Bar profile email address. This will not change the initial advertisement filing process. While an online filing system will be implemented in the future, advertisements filed after May 1, 2025, must continue to be sent via mail or physical delivery and will still require payment via check until further notice. Additionally, rather than using a single letter to address multiple files, each advertisement will have its own opinion response. The current advertisement numbering format will also change for files reviewed after May 1, 2025.
Composition of the Committee and Florida Bar Staff: The Committee on Advertising is made up of non-lawyers as well as lawyers. We believe that this has contributed substantially to the quality of our decisions and provides our committee with a broad perspective on advertising and marketing. With this, I thank each of our committee members: Gemma Torcivia, Manohar Athavale, Michael Barber, Jason Boone, Vincent Cuomo, Chioma Deere, Andrea DeMichael, Leora Freire, William Lewis, Rian Meadows, Stefano Di Portigliatti, Shannon Schott, and Jenny Vargas de Perez-Corujo.
Finally, the committee thanks our Board liaison, Jeremy C. Branning, Division of Ethics and Consumer Protection Division Director Gypsy Bailey, and our extremely hardworking staff: Assistant Ethics Counsels Joy A. Bruner, LiliJean Quintiliani, Jeffrey M. Hazen, Susan E. Gray, Deanna E. Rahming, Nicholas R. Cavallaro, Valerie Blocker, Paralegal Donna Hostutler, Administrative Secretary II Pamela Brown, Administrative Support II Susan Permenter, and Administrative Support II Margaret Labolito, headed by Ethics Counsel Jonathan D. Grabb. Without the participation, guidance, experience and hard work of these individuals, the business of this committee could not be accomplished.
Christine Senne, Chair
Appellate Court Rules
The Appellate Court Rules Committee (ACRC) has remained busy and productive in 2024–2025.
In Case No. SC2024-0750, ACRC proposed amendments to Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure 9.142 and 9.210. ACRC proposed amending Rule 9.142 to require that petitions seeking review of nonfinal orders in death penalty postconviction proceedings be served on the judge who issued the order to be reviewed. This, in turn, allows the Florida Courts E-Filing Portal to correctly direct service of such documents to judges. ACRC proposed amending Rule 9.210 to include a word count equivalency to the existing page number limitation. The court adopted the proposed amendments in its opinion issued July 11, 2024. The amendments became effective October 1, 2024.
In Case No. SC2024-0317, ACRC proposed amendments to Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure 9.110, 9.130, 9.140, and 9.800. The proposed amendment to Rule 9.110 removed a reference to a now-obsolete subdivision, and the amendment to Rule 9.800 removed citation formats to administrative law reporters that are no longer published. The proposed amendments to Rules 9.130 and 9.140 addressed nonfinal appeals in stand your ground cases. On March 6, 2025, the court issued its opinion adopting the amendments to Rules 9.110, 9.130, and 9.800. The amendments are effective July 1, 2025. Thank you to Chance Lyman for his excellent work presenting oral argument to the Florida Supreme Court on behalf of ACRC.
In Case No. SC2024-0398, ACRC proposed amendments to Rule 9.140 to address a referral from the court that asked the committee to consider whether to amend the rules to clarify the procedure for supplementing the record on appeal with publicly funded transcripts. The case was submitted to the court without oral argument on July 24, 2024.
In Case No. SC2025-0241, ACRC proposed amendments to the following Rules of Appellate Procedure: Rule 9.100, to clarify the circumstances under which service is required after a petition is filed; Rule 9.210, to require that the initial brief contain the applicable appellate standard of review for each issue; Rule 9.310, to clarify the interest rate used in calculating the amount of a supersedeas bond; Rule 9.800, to conform the rule to the Florida Supreme Court’s administrative order in In re: Uniform Appellate Case Numbering System, Fla. Admin. No. AOSC23-66 (Fla. Sept. 8, 2023); and Rule 9.900(c), to require that the notice of appeal of a nonfinal order include the specific rule number under which review is sought.
This year, ACRC also provided input to other Rules Committee on proposals that impact appellate practice such as changes to the Florida Evidence Code and to Florida Rule of General Practice and Judicial Administration 2.515.
ACRC’s work can only be accomplished by the tireless and dedicated service of its members. The subcommittee chairs deserve special recognition for their efforts in leading and coordinating that work, including Judge Carrie Ann Wozniak (Civil Practice), Benjamin Eisenberg (Criminal Practice), Chance Lyman (General Practice), Sarah Hodges (Administrative Practice), Judge Joseph Logan Murphy (Family Practice), Judge Adam Tanenbaum (Original Proceedings), Sorraya M. Solanges-Jones (Record on Appeal), Samuel Salario (Internal Operating Procedures), and Judge Mary Kemmerly Thomas (Workers’ Compensation). The committee’s officers also deserve special recognition. Vice Chairs Stephanie Serafin and Dwayne Robinson ensured that referrals proceeded in a timely manner through the various subcommittees and also assisted in authoring the reports listed above. Samuel Salario acted as parliamentarian, Elliot Kula served as liaison to the Rules of General Practice and Judicial Administration Committee, Jennifer Printz served as clerk representative to the committee, and Bailey Howard served as secretary and did an excellent job taking minutes at our meetings. Thanks to all of these individuals for their hard work this year.
Last — but certainly not least — a special thank you goes to the ACRC’s Bar liaison, Heather Telfer. As a committee, we can never say enough good things about Mrs. Telfer’s work on behalf of ACRC. Her expertise, attention to detail, friendly demeanor, and sage advice allow the committee to function efficiently and effectively.
It has been an honor and a privilege to serve among some of the best and brightest lawyers and judges in our state. After the annual meeting in June, I have little doubt that ACRC will continue its great work in advancing the administration of justice in our appellate courts.
Christine Riley Davis, Chair
Appellate Practice Certification
As usual, this year’s tasks for the Appellate Practice Certification Committee were: 1) review the results of the previous year’s certification examination; 2) prepare this year’s certification examination; 3) review this year’s certification and re-certification applications; and 4) review the rules governing the committee and suggest amendments. To complete its tasks, the committee met via Zoom on numerous occasions.
The committee first reviewed the results of the previous year’s certification examination, then turned to preparation of this year’s examination. Because there were no repeat applicants this year, the committee was able to easily review and update the previous year’s multiple-choice questions and then prepare the short and long essays on various state and federal topics. The proposed questions were then submitted to pre-testers and an exam consultant for evaluation. After the amendments suggested by the pre-testers and exam consultant were completed, the examination was submitted to the Board of Legal Specialization and Education liaison for approval. The examination is scheduled to be given in March 2025.
The committee also reviewed the applications of initial certification applicants and re-certification applicants. Of the nine initial applicants, all were approved for the certification examination. Of the 49 re-certification applicants, 39 have been approved for re-certification. The quality of the initial applicants continues to be excellent, and the committee looks forward to welcoming those who are successful with the examination to our appellate practice community. Similarly, the quality of the re-certification applicants is extraordinary, with many having appellate practice certification credentials for years, and the committee is proud to have them as colleagues. Currently, there are 212 certified appellate specialists in Florida.
On the appellate certification rules, the committee took no action given the “Good Cause” definitions added by the Florida Supreme Court to Rules Regulating The Florida Bar 6-3.5 and 6-3.6. The changes, which standardize the waiver factors for all certification areas, became effective in October 2024. The committee is concerned, however, that the required number of oral arguments is difficult to achieve, even given the amendments made in previous years, and may address this issue in the future.
As chair of the committee, I recognize and thank our liaison, Emellia Woodrum Richardson. Without her constant vigilance and enormous assistance, the committee’s work would have been incredibly more difficult. She kept us on task and out of mischief.
Finally, I also take this opportunity to recognize and applaud our committee members: Past Chair Forrest Andrews; Vice Chair Mark Tinker, Courtney Brewer, Nicole Ramirez, Cristine Russell, Jared Krukar, Judge Eric Netcher, and Judge Mark Wolfe. Each of these amazing people gave up precious work hours to volunteer for this committee, and none of us could have completed our work without every one of us pulling together, supporting each other, and making our goals attainable.
Nancy W. Gregoire Stamper, Chair
Aviation Law
2024-2025 was another exciting year for the Aviation Law Committee. Committee members met for both the summer and winter Bar meetings. Our summer meeting featured outstanding presentations by Judge V. Stuart Couch, the NTSB administrative law judge for circuit II, which includes the state of Florida; Edward Zawadzki, a board-certified psychiatrist, forensic psychiatrist, and FAA certified HIMS psychiatrist; and, David Brennan, a former Florida Department of Revenue enforcement agent who specializes in Florida sales and use tax issues. Our winter meeting featured Daniel Schreiber, CCM, an expert in forensic meteorology in aviation litigation; Capt. Dennis R. Haber and Lt. Col. Donald R. Windle of the Civil Air Patrol who discussed opportunities for involvement in the Civil Air Patrol; and, Jackie Mustian and David J. Brennan who presented a case-study approach to Florida sales and use tax scenarios. Such presentations provide committee members with unique insights to the workings of aircraft ownership, airmen licensing and medical issues, and other matters critical to aviation practitioners, all while earning valuable aviation law specialty CLE credits.
This year, the Aviation Law Committee for the first time hosted a sit-down lunch/social for all members who attended the winter Bar meeting. This allowed members to socialize and discuss aviation issues face-to-face with other aviation law practitioners. The lunch/social was a hit with committee members who look forward to it becoming a tradition for future meetings.
The Aviation Law Committee encourages and promotes aviation practitioners to become Board certified in Aviation Law. In furtherance thereof, on February 15, 2025, the Aviation Law Committee hosted an all-day Aviation Law Board Certification Review Course that featured 10 presenters reviewing the topics tested on the board certification exam. This valuable complimentary review is designed to assist those preparing to sit for the Aviation Law Board Certification Exam and to deepen their knowledge and understanding of aviation law subject areas likely to appear on the exam.
Peter Sobota, Chair
Aviation Law Certification
The Aviation Law Certification Committee has continued its efforts to attract attorneys that practice law in the specialized area of aviation law to become board certified. There are currently 44 board certified aviation law attorneys in Florida. This year we have received eight recertification applications and we have two examinees, which is encouraging.
To become a certified specialist, a lawyer must be an active member in good standing of The Florida Bar, have practiced law for a minimum of five years, pass a written examination in the specialty area, be favorably evaluated as to their ability and experience in the specialty field by judges and other lawyers, and exhibit outstanding character, ethics, and a reputation for professionalism. A member of The Florida Bar who has earned this career achievement may hold themselves out as “board certified,” “expert,” or “specialist.”
Board certification benefit members of the public by assisting them in locating an attorney who is familiar with the unique issues that arise in this particular area of the law including FAA enforcement actions, aircraft sale, purchase, leasing, lien, import and export transactions, litigation, airline labor law, airport land use, airline and air taxi operations, and even space and drone law. This is particularly important in the field of aviation law, as there are so few highly qualified attorneys in the practice and the public needs a way of determining who actually has the requisite knowledge and experience to handle these specialized matters.
The committee members continue to actively recruit qualified attorneys to take the aviation law certification exam. Since CLE is a significant prerequisite for certification, we make potential candidates aware of the various aviation-specific CLE programs that are available to help them meet the requirement. Examples include helping the substantive committee provide notification of the biannual CLE presentations given at the substantive Aviation Law Committee meetings, the substantive committee’s aviation law certification exam review course given annually, as well as other CLE opportunities sponsored by Southern Methodist University and the American Bar Association.
I thank Vice Chair Bruce D. Green for his assistance this past year. His extensive experience in the field of aviation law and on this committee has been invaluable to me. I also extend my thanks to all the other committee members for their participation in furthering interest in aviation law certification and in their work on this year’s certification exam.
Allison Armour, our Bar staff liaison, has kept us on schedule and updated so that our committee has been able to work relatively seamlessly to achieve its goals. The entire committee greatly appreciates her efforts and assistance.
Jennifer M. Clark, Chair
Board of Legal Specialization and Education
The Board of Legal Specialization and Education (BLSE) has the responsibility to administer programs for regulation of 27 areas of certification. The BLSE also oversees the legal education offered to all members of The Florida Bar.
Established by the Florida Supreme Court, board certification is the highest recognition for ethics, character, professionalism, and credibility in the practice of law as recognized by The Florida Bar. The Florida Bar is the largest certification program in the nation with more than 5,200 board-certified attorneys. Florida’s board certification is one of the preeminent programs in the country. Other states look to Florida as the leader in this field. BLSE, in all its actions, strives to remain that leader.
The BLSE is comprised of 16 members: Chair Kansas R. Gooden, Vice Chair Norma Stanley, Judge William Burgess III, Howard Cohen, Mark Eckels, John Eversole III, Amy Fanzlaw, Jennifer Ficarrotta, Andrew Lannon, Carlos Negret, Sean Moyles, Pam Ryan, Laura Davis Smith, Barry Stein, Brandon Vesely, and CLE Representative Collett Small. The Board of Governors liaison to the BLSE is Greg Weiss.
The BLSE is comprised of seven subcommittees, which include Executive, Strategic Planning, Exam Task Force, Standards, Rules and Policies, Communications, and National Accreditation. Each member serves on several committees. The subcommittees are where the bulk of the work of BLSE occurs. They meet often and are called upon to provide recommendations to the entire BLSE on numerous topics. Each member is also assigned as a liaison to designated areas of certification, monitors issues, and events for the individual certification areas, as needed.
Last year, the Board of Governors’ PEC and CPAC jointly reviewed the passage rates of every area of certification. They provided a list of recommendations to BLSE. We have spent most of the year creating a lasting framework to implement these recommendations. Numerous subcommittees are involved. Many of the policies have already been rolled out. As part of this roll-out, BLSE is hosting a townhall for the area committees at the annual convention in Boca Raton. We encourage area committees to come with their questions and concerns.
This year, BLSE approved a new certification area — insurance coverage. Insurance coverage is a broad area covering numerous types of insurance policies. BLSE recently finalized the standards to identify those lawyers who practice insurance coverage law and have the special knowledge, skills, and proficiency, as well as the character, ethics, and reputation for professionalism, to be properly identified to the public as board certified in insurance coverage law. This new area is especially important with major insurance events that Florida often experiences, such as hurricanes.
BLSE has an ongoing outreach program to emphasize the value of becoming board certified. Specifically, the marketing program seeks to: 1) recruit new candidates to become board certified; 2) educate the public as to why it is important to retain a board certified attorney; 3) to encourage existing certified members to retain their board certified status. Efforts include attending meetings of the various sections to provide information on board certification and having BLSE committee members speak at voluntary bar events. Our message to local bar associations, law schools, and area committee functions is that specialization provides an opportunity to become a better attorney and distinguish your credentials from others. Our goal is to publicize the value of board certification and elevate this distinction to a new level.
At the Annual Florida Bar Convention on Thursday June 26, 2025, Chief Justice Carlos G. Muñiz or another justice will present the Justice Harry Lee Anstead Award in recognition of The Florida Bar Board Certified Lawyer of the Year. This award goes to the member who is board certified and who demonstrates outstanding excellence, professionalism, and commitment to the certification program and to the practice of law in Florida. Justice Muñiz will also present the Award for Excellence in the Promotion of Board Certification, which recognizes excellence and creativity by a Florida Bar board certified lawyer or a law firm in advancing the public’s knowledge of and appreciation for legal board certification. BLSE will also conduct its annual pinning ceremony to recognize all newly board-certified attorneys.
Judge Kansas R. Gooden, Chair
Business Litigation Board Certification
The primary functions of the Business Litigation Certification Committee are to review initial and re-certification applications, and to grade the examination. In support of these functions the committee annually reviews and improves the application forms, updates the exam, and clarifies the applicable rules.
The committee is composed of seven board certified business litigators and two circuit court judges who are board certified business litigators. The committee members are Chair David Steinfeld, Vice Chair David Dominick Ferrentino, Joelle Bordeaux, Judge Gerard Joseph Curley, Jr., Jocelyne Anne Macelloni, Kevin Markow, Stephen Joseph Padula, Steele Thomas Williams, and Immediate Past Chair Judge Rachael Spring Loukonen.
Committee members are all active practitioners who take time from their busy schedules to participate in and improve our program. This term, the committee addressed 26 re-certification applications and approved five applicants to sit for the May 2025 exam. Presently, there are 216 Board Certified business litigators in The Florida Bar.
Each year, the committee strives to make the exam challenging but not impossible so that our certification is accorded the maximum amount of respect by members of the Bar and the judiciary. To ensure the integrity of our exam, one committee member drafts a section while another reviews the questions and answers. As a second level of review, the committee sends the exam to select board certified business litigators to pre-test it for certification credit.
Board certification remains one of the highest honors that any practitioner can achieve. Personally, it has been my great honor to be the first attorney to chair this committee twice. I thank the members for their time and commitment and our Bar liaison, Chyra, for her tireless work. I encourage business lawyers to seek certification and certified business litigators to participate in the committee to continue improving our program.
David Steinfeld, Chair
City, County and Local Government Law Certification
The City, County and Local Government (CCLG) Law Certification Committee is responsible for certifying attorneys as city, county, and local government board certified specialists with the oversight of the Board of Legal Specialization and Education (BLSE). The committee’s tasks include reviewing applications for board certification, developing and grading board certification exams, reviewing exam appeals, recommending committee rule changes, and promoting board certification to Florida Bar members. For the 2024-2025 exam cycle, the committee received 21 initial certification applications and 60 recertification applications. Currently, there are 301 Florida Bar members certified in city, county and local government law.
For the 2024-2025 exam cycle year, the committee had three primary goals: 1) to better promote CCLG board certification by developing a recorded, virtual one-hour information session and presenting on CCLG board certification at various CLE conferences; 2) to develop a “minimally qualified candidate” definition consistent with the CCLG exam specifications; and 3) to continue to develop a quality exam in accordance with the CCLG exam specifications and the minimally qualified candidate definition. The committee had an outstanding year and achieved each goal above.
On September 25, 2024, the committee hosted its first ever virtual information session regarding CCLG board certification, which had over 50 virtual attendees. Committee members Elizabeth Lenihan (vice chair), Michele Samaroo, Regina Ross, and I, were all instrumental in developing, coordinating, and presenting the virtual one-hour information session. The virtual information session provided information on the CCLG board certification exam application process, exam content, exam grading, and exam resources. The committee is working with the CCLGL section of The Florida Bar to post the information session video on the section’s website for those interested in learning more about the exam.
Additionally, the committee continued its collaboration with several key city, county, and local government law organizations: the CCLGL section, the Florida Association of County Attorneys (FACA), and the Florida Municipal Lawyers Association (FMLA). The committee will present at each organization’s annual CLE conference to promote CCLG board certification to the conference attendees. Likewise, and in line with the committee’s 2024-2025 goals, the committee developed a “minimally qualified candidate” definition consistent with the CCLG exam specifications and completed its core task of developing a quality CCLG board certification exam.
The committee’s dedication this year was unparalleled. Given the committee members various geographic offices that spanned across north, central, and south Florida, the committee and its leadership made efficient use of virtual meetings, holding over fifteen virtual meeting sessions to either convene for committee business or for leadership to meet with committee staff. One of the first meetings of the year that Vice Chair Elizabeth Lenihan, and I had was a special meeting on August 15, 2024, to provide an orientation to our two newest members, Christopher Angell and Regina Ross, each of whom came to the committee with an incredible wealth of experience and knowledge in the CCLG specialty law area. To ensure a smooth transition for our new members, we hosted an orientation session and assigned each new member a committee mentor. The committee had a heightened level of participation this year and weighed-in on many exam appeals, initial applications, recertifications, exam questions and model answers, and the required fall and spring action plans. Each of these matters involved extensive research, review, and discussion at the committee level in addition to the work that occurred at the assigned committee team level. I am most grateful for the input, fullness of the debate and ideas, and collegiality present during each committee meeting.
It was a privilege and honor to serve as committee chair for the 2024-2025 exam cycle year, and I extend my sincere thanks to Vice Chair Elizabeth Lenihan (Torcivia, Donlon, Goddeau & Rubin, P.A. — West Palm Beach) and committee members Carl E. Brody, Jr., (City of Tampa), Michele Samaroo (City of Hialeah), Sheryl Sutphen (Roper Townsend Sutphen — Orlando), Jim Fox (Roetzel — Naples), Jacob Schumer (The Grosshans Group — Winter Garden), Christopher Angell (Miami-Dade County), and Regina Ross (JEA — Jacksonville). Without the hard work and tremendous knowledge of these committee members, the committee could not have achieved its goals as planned this year. I also thank our Florida Bar certification specialist, Haley McQuaig, for her outstanding work throughout the year, as well as BLSE liaison, Pamala Ryan, for her assistance.
To those Florida Bar members who are currently board certified in city, county, and local government law, thank you for all that you do every day in supporting and advising local government entities across the state of Florida. The committee values and appreciates your public service along with your special knowledge, skills, proficiency, professionalism, ethics, and reputation in the specialty law area of city, county and local government law. I encourage you to pursue committee membership if you are interested in becoming more involved in The Florida Bar. The experience, knowledge, and relationships gained by serving on thecommittee are invaluable and long-lasting in this comprehensive, complex, and ever-changing broad field of law.
Lawsikia J. Hodges, Chair
Civil Procedure Rules
The Civil Procedure Rules Committee has been incredibly busy in 2024-2025 with work from the Florida Supreme Court as well as practitioners.
On January 12, 2023, the Florida Supreme Court asked the committee to follow up the work of the Workgroup on the Improved Resolution of Civil Cases and asked the committee to: propose amendments to Rules 1.200 (Pretrial Procedure), 1.201 (Complex Litigation), 1.440 (Setting Action for Trial), 1.280 (General Provisions Governing Discovery), and 1.460 (Continuances). As indicated in the order in (Case No. SC2022-0122), this is the first in a series of phased referrals to the committee for the refinement and study of the proposals submitted by the Workgroup on Improved Resolution of Civil Cases.
The committee’s proposals were filed with the court July 3, 2023, in Case No. SC2023-0962. The court issued an opinion adopting amendments that create a framework for active case management on May 23, 2024, and asked for comments. The committee filed comments. On September 5, 2024, the committee filed amendments to Rules 1.340 (Interrogatories to Parties), 1.350 (Production of Documents and Things and Entry Upon Land for Inspection and Other Purposes), and 1.380 (Failure to make Discovery; Sanctions) to include enforcement mechanisms that were missing with the adoption of the proportionality amendments adopted to Rule 1.280 (General Provisions Governing Discovery). The committee’s proposals were based on Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 33, 34, and 37. The court folded the committee’s proposed amendments into SC2023-0962. The court scheduled a second oral argument in SC2023-0962 for November 7, 2024. The court issued its opinion in this case on December 5, 2024, and a corrected opinion January 23, 2025. The amendments became effective January 1, 2025.
The committee continues to review Rule 1.280 to ensure that discovery works as smoothly as possible in light of these significant changes.
In Case No. SC2024-0662, the court adopted amendments to Rule 1.510 (Summary Judgment) and adopted new Rule 1.202 (Conferral Prior to Filing Motions) and asked for comments from the committee. The committee filed a comment suggesting changes to both rules. The court held oral argument in this case on November 7, 2024. The court adopted some of the committee’s suggestions in its December 5, 2024, opinion. The amendments became effective January 1, 2025. Practitioners should be aware that conferral with the opposing party is required before the filing of most motions under Rule 1.202. In the summary judgment rule, a couple of different timeframes were considered, but the most recent opinion states that responses be served no later than 40 days after service of the motion for summary judgment. Any hearing must be scheduled at least 10 days after the deadline for serving the response.
In addition to these major projects, the committee completed its usual work of improving the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure.
In Case No. SC2022-1719, the committee proposed amendments to Rule 1.110 (Pleadings and Motions) to require pleadings with affirmative defenses to contain a short and plain statement of the ultimate facts supporting the affirmative defense; Rule 1.820 (Hearing Procedures for Non-Binding Arbitration) requiring a notice of completion of arbitration to be filed which will notify the court that the parties have been served with the arbitrator’s written decision; Form 1.923 (Eviction Summons/Residential) simplifying the summons, new Form 1.923(b) (Summons Action for Back Rent or Other Damages) to provide a form for defendants to file defenses; and new Form 1.947(b) (Answer — Residential Eviction) to provide a form for the defendant to answer an eviction claim. The court issued its opinion adopting a majority of the proposed amendments, which became effective July 1, 2024. In Case No. SC2025-0210, the committee has filed a report translating the summons in Form 1.923 into Spanish, French, and Haitian Creole.
In Case No. SC2023-1678, the committee proposed amendments to Rule 1.080 (Service and Filing of Pleadings, Orders, and Documents) and Rule 1.310 (Depositions Upon Oral Argument) to require the filing of full-page transcripts instead of condensed (4 to a page) transcripts. Additionally, the committee proposed amendments to Rule 1.310(b)(6) to add “other entities” authorizing a limited liability company to be a deponent. The court adopted the committee’s proposals with modifications. The amendments were effective October 1, 2024.
In Case No. SC2024-0774, the committee proposed amendments to Rules 1.070 (Process), 1.410 (Subpoena), 1.550 (Executions and Final Process), and 1.561 (Discovery in Aid of Execution) to remove antiquated language; and Rule 1.730 (Completion of Mediation) to remove the requirement that counsel signs a mediation agreement and permits the party’s representative, if the representative has full authority to settle, to sign a mediation agreement. The court issued its opinion adopting the committee’s proposals on February 6, 2025. The amendments became effective April 1, 2025.
In Case No. SC2024-0975, the committee proposed amendments to Form 1.983 (Prospective Juror Questionnaire) to address 2024 Legislation. The committee proposal included new questions asking potential jurors whether they want to be excused from jury service: if they are a women who has given birth within the six months before the reporting date on the jury summons; if they are a caregiver as described in F.S. §40.013(10); or if they are a full-time student as described in F.S. §40.013(11). The court adopted the committee’s proposed amendment in its August 29, 2024, opinion. The amendments were effective the same day.
As this annual report is written, several cases are pending at the court.
In Case No. SC2022-0575, the committee proposes amendments to Rule 1.440 (Setting Action for Trial) and Rule 1.500 (Defaults and Final Judgments Thereon) to clarify service requirements. Those amendments are pending with the court.
In Case No. SC2024-0779, the committee proposes amendments to Rule 1.350 (Productions of Documents and Things and Entry Upon Land for Inspection and Other Purposes) and Rule 1.370 (Requests for Admission) to require that requests for production be filed with the court and served on all parties, to require that any response to a request for production be served on all parties, and require that all requests for admissions and responses to requests for admission be filed with the court and served on all parties. The case was submitted to the court without oral argument on November 13, 2024.
In Case No. SC2025-0045, the committee proposes amendments to Rule 1.442 (Proposals for Settlement) to correct a typo; Form 1.902 (Summons) to remove outdated references to the phone book; and Form 1.938 (Forcible Entry and Detention) to conform to statutory changes.
By the publication of this report, the committee expects to file amendments to: Rule 1.360 (Examination of Persons) to provide a timeframe for provision of the report of the examiner; Rule 1.530 (Motions for New Trial and Rehearing; Amendments of Judgments; Remittitur or Additur) to reorganize and simplify the rule without making substantive changes; Rule 1.700 (Rules Common to Mediation and Arbitration) to specify the use of audio-video communication technology instead of a general reference to communication technology; and Rule 1.820 (Hearing Procedures for Non-Binding Arbitration) to address the filing of the arbitration decision if a notice of rejection of arbitration decision and request for trial is timely filed.
The committee is the process of developing proposals to: Rule 1.070 (Process) and Form 1.902 (Summons) to permit service of process by registered mail as defined by F.S. §1.01; Rule 1.310 (Depositions on Oral Argument); Rule 1.351 (Production of Documents and Things Without Deposition) to require that objections be resolved before a nonparty provides documents and things by subpoena without deposition of the custodian; Rule 1.351 to require that the motion and notice of hearing be served on the objecting party or nonparty; and Rule 1.430 (Demand for Jury Trial; Waiver) to require a demand for jury trial be filed with the court instead of served on the other party.
The committee published amendments to Rules 1.100 (Pleading and Motions), 1.201 (Complex Litigation), 1.310 (Depositions on Oral Examination), 1.351 (Production of Documents and Things Without Depositions), 1.545 (Final Disposition Form), and Form 1.983 (Prospective Juror Questionnaire) to consistently use “self-represented litigant” instead of “pro se” — currently both terms are used.
I thank subcommittee Chairs Melisa Bodnar, Jeffrey Martin Hearne, Rebecca Mercier Vargas, and all of our vice chairs who double as subcommittee chairs.
Thank you to Vice Chairs Amelia Hallenberg Beard, Michael Evan Levine, Maegen Peek Luka, and Charise Morgan.
Cosme Caballero, Chair
Clients’ Security Fund
The Florida Bar Clients’ Security Fund was established in 1967 as a voluntary, discretionary fund to reimburse clients who have suffered a monetary loss as a result of misappropriation, embezzlement, or other wrongful taking by a member of The Florida Bar when acting as the claimant’s lawyer. The Clients’ Security Fund is currently financed by $25 of every active and inactive Florida Bar member’s annual dues as well as each application to appear pro hac vice in Florida and has over $2.7 million budgeted for fiscal year 2024-25 to pay claims brought by former clients. The Fund reimburses clients under two circumstances: when an attorney takes an advance fee, but then fails to provide any services up to a maximum amount of $5,000, and for misappropriation or theft of client monies up to a maximum amount of $250,000.
In the last fiscal year, the Fund received 195 new claims and paid out $1.8 million to clients for claims filed against 81 Florida lawyers. As of the date of this report, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, the Fund has received 137 new claims against 67 lawyers and has currently approved 40 claims with approved losses of $1.6 million. Claims are paid only after a lawyer has been suspended, placed on the inactive list for incapacity not related to misconduct, or has had the member’s status as a member of The Florida Bar revoked or terminated, or is deceased. Fee claims, and misappropriation claims less than $1,000, are paid promptly after approval. All other claims, i.e., those over $1,000, are paid on a pro rata basis after the end of the fiscal year, if there are not enough funds available to pay 100% of the approved losses.
Claims are filed in writing by the former client, reviewed by Bar staff and, when appropriate, referred to a voluntary member of the committee for investigation. The 2024-25 Clients’ Security Fund Committee is composed of 20 volunteer attorneys appointed from all regions of Florida by the Bar’s president-elect. The committee meets four times during the year, but its volunteer members are actively engaged in the review and investigation of claims throughout the year. This is a true working committee. Membership on the committee involves extensive time and energy in the investigation of claims and preparation of reports. Guided and assisted by dedicated Bar staff, claims are thoroughly investigated, and members make recommendations for approval or denial by the committee. Many investigations require active debate at committee meetings and discussions of claims at meetings are spirited, but always with the goal of doing the right thing for the injured client as well as being good stewards of the Fund. Although committee meetings are confidential, final action on claims is subject to limited disclosure. Committee recommendations are ultimately submitted to the Board of Governors for final consideration.
As lawyers, we tend to hold ourselves in high regard, especially after the rigors of law school, scrutiny by the Florida Board of Bar Examiners, and continued oversight by The Florida Bar throughout our careers. During the investigation of claims and discussions with clients, we are repeatedly humbled by the extent to which clients impart an unbelievable amount of trust in their chosen counsel. Breach of this trust can devastate clients both financially and emotionally. Bar staff and the Clients’ Security Fund Committee are devoted to repairing the public’s trust in members of the Bar and the legal system. Our interactions with clients who have been harmed by their lawyers remind us constantly of the broader responsibilities that we carry for the profession to which we have devoted ourselves.
There are more than 113,400 lawyers in the state of Florida and, as of the last fiscal year, claims under the Clients’ Security Fund were made against less than 0.1% of Florida lawyers. The work of the Clients’ Security Fund is an integral part of recovery and mitigation of losses to clients and the public whose trust and confidence in the legal profession has been negatively impacted by the wrongful acts of a few. The Fund is one way in which the Bar strives to improve the public’s perception of Florida lawyers and to restore confidence in the profession.
I have served on this committee for 10 years and currently serve as chair. Each call to a client allows me and every investigating member of the committee the chance to right a wrong and attempt to reestablish lost trust in Florida lawyers. On the committee, I have met and served with some of the finest and most hard-working lawyers in the Bar. Without their dedication, the Clients’ Security Fund could not serve its valuable purpose. Each member of the committee is to be commended for their diligence, professionalism, and hard work in investigating and processing claims.
All who serve on a Florida Bar committee know that this important work would not be accomplished without the tireless dedication of the Bar staff. Committee members and the clients rely heavily on Bar staff and without their commitment, we could not do our jobs. Thank you to Stacey Thrash, administrative support; Celia Connell, CSF administrator; Rick Courtemanche, deputy general counsel; and Gypsy Bailey, general counsel/division director of Ethics and Client Protection, for the tremendous effort, work, and discipline they have given to this committee.
Richard A. Harrison, Chair
Code and Rules of Evidence
The Code and Rules of Evidence Committee had a good 2024-2025 Bar year. The committee continues to monitor legislation for changes to the Florida Evidence Code during the legislative session.
At the request of The Florida Bar Board of Governors’ Special Committee on AI Tools and Resources, the committee began researching the intersection of generative artificial intelligence and evidence. The committee sought comments on a proposal to create a definition of generative artificial technology for inclusion in the code. At the time of the writing of this report, the committee is considering comments from sections and rules committees.
The committee is in the midst of a complete review of the Florida Evidence Code to determine if sections are outdated or if new sections are needed. The committee sought comments on proposals to incorporate portions of the Federal Rules of Evidence into Florida’s code including: adding a “purpose” provision into §90.101; amending §90.206 to separately address judicial notice in civil court and criminal court; recategorizing the “opposing party statement” exception; creating a residual evidence provision; and updating the definitions of “writing,” “photograph,” and “recording” to track the Federal Rules of Evidence. At the time of the writing of this report, the committee is considering comments from sections and rules committees.
The committee’s CLE Hot Topics in Evidence was held, after hiatus, on February 24, 2025. Hot Topics was sponsored by the Criminal Law Section and the Trial Lawyers Section. Topics included: application of the Daubert standard in Florida; hearsay exceptions: present sense impression and excited utterance; Williams rule; admissibility of report testimony and digital signatures; preservation of evidentiary errors for appellate review; generative artificial intelligence in legal practice; hot topics in expert witness and attorneys’ fees; and a case law update post-H.B. 837. Extra special thanks to Scott M. Janowitz, Whitney Marie Untiedt, and H. Scott Fingerhut for all their work putting together Hot Topics. Thanks to the sections, speakers, participants, and bar staff who made this CLE a success.
The committee’s annual case summaries were published by the Appellate Practice Section of The Florida Bar.
Committee liaisons attend meetings of other court rules committees to keep updated on evidentiary issues that arise across practice areas. Thanks to committee liaisons Kristina Elizabeth Feher, Shahtia M. Gay-Hairston, John Wesley Manuel, Ilana Felice Marcus, Matthew Nichols Posgay, and Robert Scavone, Jr.
Special thanks to Vice Chair Philip Asher Gold and subcommittee Chairs Valerie Barton Barnhart, Nicholas Peter Basco, Eric A. Hernandez, Scott M. Janowitz, and Joseph T. Murray III.
Katelyn Knaak Johnston, Chair
Condominium and Planned Development Law Certification
The Condominium and Planned Development Law Certification, through the oversight of the Board of Legal Specialization and Education, consists of 188 certified attorneys as of March 1, 2025.
This committee certifies attorneys whose practice of law involves 1) serving as counsel to community associations, developers, lenders, property owners, community association members, sellers, purchasers, governmental agencies, and investors in matters related to condominiums and planned developments; 2) drafting governing documents or their amendments and preparing filings with governmental agencies that regulate community associations or planned developments; 3) serving in or for governmental agencies that regulate community associations or planned developments; 4) representing parties in construction lien and defect claims, collection of assessment actions, covenant and rule enforcement and dispute resolution, such as litigation, arbitration, and mediations in matters relating to community associations or planned developments; and 5) planning, developing, constructing, and financing of condominium or planned development communities.
The 2025-2026 committee received 19 initial applications and five reapplications; 24 were approved to sit for the examination to be administered March 13, 2024.
During the 2025-2026 fiscal year, the committee met numerous times by Zoom and in person to 1) review any possible lessons learned from the previously administered examinations; 2) prepare a study guide and sample questions published on the certification website to assist applicants preparing the examination; 3) review and evaluate the credentials of the applicants; 4) preparation of the current examination; and 5) grading of the examination.
The Condominium and Planned Development Law Certification Committee consists of Joel McTague, chair; Shawn Brown, vice chair; Barry Ansbacher, past chair; Russell Robbins, past chair; Charles Capps, Douglas Christy, Rob Freedman, Daniel Kaskel, and Howard Perl. I thank each committee member for their outstanding contributions this year.
The committee encourages both association and developer attorneys to consider applications for certification. New applications will be accepted in July 2025.
Joel McTague, Chair
Constitutional Judiciary
The mission of the Constitutional Judiciary Committee (CJC) is to strengthen public understanding of the judicial branch of government, the Constitution, the rule of law, and the role of judges and juries in the administration of justice. The committee oversees the Benchmarks: Raising the Bar on Civics Education program, The Florida Bar’s voter education efforts on merit retention and judicial races, and the Judicial Candidate Voluntary Self-Disclosure Statements.
Since the launch of the newly revamped Benchmarks program, the committee has held several successful in-person speaker training sessions. In June 2024, one well-attended training sessions took place in conjunction with the Annual Florida Bar Convention, and another in-person training is scheduled for the 2025 annual convention. The new Benchmarks presentations promote a deeper understanding of the judicial branch, the Constitution, the rule of law, and the roles judges, lawyers, and juries play in administering justice. The Bar provides resources and training for speakers who deliver these presentations. In addition, new Benchmarks presentations are being developed specifically to highlight the role of judges in the courtroom. A dedicated subcommittee will generate this new content while maintaining existing materials.
Every election year, The Florida Bar educates voters through a printed voter guide, The Vote’s In Your Court webpage, and other resources. Furthermore, the Judicial Candidate Voluntary Self-Disclosure Statement offers judicial candidates an opportunity to share their backgrounds, credentials, and other relevant details with the voting public. A subcommittee continues to refine The Florida Bar’s merit retention education efforts, including updates to the voluntary self-disclosure form and voter guide materials.
I extend my sincere thanks to the committee for its tireless work and dedication over the past year. I would especially like to recognize Vice Chair Kalinthia Dillard and our subcommittee chairs for their exemplary leadership. Without the participation of our members and the invaluable support of The Florida Bar staff, the committee’s continued progress would not be possible. It has been my honor and privilege to serve as chair.
Judge Cymonie Rowe, Chair
Construction Law Certification
The Construction Law Certification Committee has continued to pursue initiatives to improve the quality of the Construction Law Certification Exam for 2025.
The committee has carefully reviewed all test bank questions in an effort to update and eliminate outdated questions, as well as to be sure both the questions and answers are consistent with the guidelines. Questions that have historically resulted in a high percentage of incorrect responses have been eliminated, updated, or replaced.
As of this date, there are 476 board certified construction lawyers, and we were most pleased to experience a pass rate of 84% for those who sat for the examination in 2024. We have received 66 recertification applicants and 42 initial applicants to take the 2025 exam in May 2025.
We continue to employ virtual meetings to bring committee members together from across the state and advance the work of the committee. We hope to meet as a committee in person to grade the 2025 exam. The certification exam has been issued both remotely and in-person for the past several years and will continue to be issued in this hybrid manner in May of 2025. This year, examinees who have chosen to hand-write their exam answers will be taking the test live in Orlando. There will not be the option to take the exam on a computer at the test site.
Our committee also continues to create new multiple-choice and essay questions and to update our test bank questions, consistent with the BLSE’s exam drafting guidelines.
This year, our exam will again consist of 100 multiple-choice questions and four essay questions, divided into four 90-minute segments. It will be further edited and evaluated prior to the May exam to ensure the finished product is one we all feel confident releasing to the examinees as they take the exam.
Our committee re-certified over 60 lawyers who applied this year after reviewing applications, including careful consideration of peer review statements, grievance history, and CLE compliance.
Committee members have devoted countless hours writing exam questions and grading exams, and thoroughly reviewing certification and recertification applications.
We continue to have outstanding staff support from our Florida Bar liaison, Allison Armour, and owe her the highest gratitude for her diligent efforts in assisting our committee during this challenging and busy year.
Finally, my thanks to all our committee members for their steadfastness and devotion to ensuring that Florida maintains the highest ethical standards for construction law attorneys.
Bruce G. Alexander, Chair
Consumer Protection Law
The Consumer Protection Law Committee experienced an outstanding 2024-2025 year advancing its mission to educate consumers and The Florida Bar on consumer protection laws through a multifaceted approach, which includes providing public service messages, CLE programs, consumer publications, and expert resources for attorneys, judges, and lawmakers. The committee is comprised of 33 attorneys with expertise and specialized knowledge of consumer law who meet regularly throughout the year. To effectively carry out its important work, the committee is divided into seven subcommittees. Each subcommittee accomplished its goal in their respective areas of focus.
The CLE Seminar Subcommittee organized a CLE seminar that will be held as part of The Florida Bar’s upcoming 2025 annual convention. The program, “AI Revolution in Consumer Law: Protecting Rights, Ensuring Justice,” offers a comprehensive look at the intersection of artificial intelligence and consumer law. This program provides practical guidance for navigating the opportunities and risks of AI in consumer law. The panelists will discuss leveraging AI tools to empower advocacy, addressing challenges in compliance, data privacy, and ethical considerations. The subcommittee is led by Co-Chair Margery Golant of Golant & Golant, P.A., and Co-Chair Tyler Bannon of Bannon Law Group. It is assisted by subcommittee members Gus Centrone and Ruth Jackson Lee.
The Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Subcommittee educated and informed fellow Floridians and attorneys about the growing and evolving impact that data privacy and cyber issues have upon consumers, lawyers, and businesses. Subcommittee Chair Bryant Dunivan, Jr., of the Consumer Protection Attorney, P.A., led the subcommittee and was supported by subcommittee members Jerard Heller, David Schnobrick, and Gabrielle Sliwka.
The Legislative Subcommittee tracked and monitored legislation to assess how various bills would affect Florida consumers and will prepare summaries of specific bills that may impact consumer law in Florida. The subcommittee remains available for consultation by Florida legislators if they seek further insight and analysis on particular issues as in prior legislative sessions, where we have responded to requests for information from the legislature on consumer issues. This subcommittee is headed by Vice Chair Adam Thoresen with Jacksonville Area Legal Aid with the assistance of subcommittee members Christopher Kinnaman, Dominic MacKenzie, Michael Newell II, and Michael Roland.
The Awards Subcommittee was charged with recognizing and honoring an attorney for excellence, character, community involvement, and commitment to the practice of consumer protection law in Florida. The subcommittee reached out to legal aid organizations, voluntary bar associations, leaders in the community, and private firms to widen the pool of nominees and select the most deserving recipient. This award will be presented at the committee’s meeting at the Annual Florida Bar Convention. Leading the Awards Subcommittee is its chair, Melanie Grant of Grant Bassin, PLLC, with assistance by subcommittee members Jeffrey Ehrlich and Andrew Wilson.
The Judicial Subcommittee distributed The Florida Bar Consumer Protection Law Committee Bench Manual for Florida Judges, which covers six areas of law affecting consumers: the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act; auto sales and finance; the state’s Lemon Law; credit card actions; residential evictions; and the Florida Consumer Collection Practices Act. The manual will be posted online, available via QR code, and was distributed in paper copy. The subcommittee continues to work on updating the manual and adding new areas of law. The subcommittee is led by Chair Jonathan Kline of Jonathan Kline, P.A., with the assistance of subcommittee members Robert Churchill, Jr., Ryann Flack, Jose-Trelles Herrera, and Mandy Mills.
The Pamphlet Subcommittee orchestrated the creation, maintenance, review, and updating of numerous consumer pamphlets, offering fundamental legal information on various topics. Additionally, the subcommittee continues working with the Real Property, Probate and Trust Law Section of The Florida Bar on the creation of a pamphlet on irrevocable trusts. The subcommittee also facilitated the revision of several pamphlets in both English and Spanish, ensuring that crucial information about consumers’ rights under Florida law is readily available. Heading the subcommittee is Chair Viviana Escobar of the Office of the Attorney General, with the assistance of subcommittee members Brett Foster, Hao Li, and Kenneth Walton.
The Outreach and Social Media Subcommittee provided the Consumer Protection Law Committee a direct connection to the public. The subcommittee consistently provided updates on various online social media platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter (X). The subcommittee is focused on disseminating information about consumer-related issues and pertinent subjects, while also showcasing events organized by the committee. The subcommittee is led by Chair Nicholas Zbrzeznj of Southern Atlantic Law Group, PLLC, with assistance from subcommittee member Kristen King Jaiven.
As most of the Consumer Protection Law Committee’s work is carried out within subcommittees, their chairs deserve special recognition for their tireless efforts in guiding these endeavors. Thank you, Tyler Bannon, Bryant Dunivan, Viviana Escobar, Margery Golant, Melanie Grant, Jonathan Kline, Adam Thoresen, and Nicholas Zbrzeznj. Simply put, the committee’s accomplishments would be unattainable without the commitment of these individuals.
Our vice chairs were equally vital to the Consumer Protection Law Committee’s achievements. Thank you, Kaelyn Diamond, Jared Lee, Adam Thoresen, and Aaron Weiss! Their leadership, along with the dedication of our active members, contributed to a successful year!
Last but certainly not least, a special thank you goes to the Consumer Protection Law Committee’s Bar liaisons, Melanie Woodall and Jeffrey Picker. Their steadfast support has been pivotal in supporting the committee’s success.
Serving alongside some of the most dedicated lawyers in our state has been both an honor and a privilege. Following this summer’s annual convention, another current committee member is expected to assume a one-year term as chair. Under their leadership, I am confident that the Consumer Protection Law Committee will continue in its outstanding efforts to educate the public and The Florida Bar on matters concerning consumer protection laws and related issues.
Jennifer Hayes Pinder, Chair
Continuing Legal Education
Greetings from the Continuing Legal Education Committee. Our mission is to assist the members of The Florida Bar in their continuing legal education and to facilitate the production and delivery of quality CLE programs and course materials for the benefit of bar members in coordination with the sections, committees, and staff of The Florida Bar and others who participate in the CLE process.
In keeping with our mission, our focus this year has been on CLE course evaluations, improving the quality of CLE, and assisting sections with CLE marketing.
The committee met several times over the year. Our first meeting of the Bar year was June 20, 2024, at the Annual Florida Bar Convention. After a presentation from David Willis, chair of the Board of Legal Specialization and Education (BLSE) the committee committed to assist with increasing the number of exam review courses offered to attorneys to prepare for the board certification exams. The committee met virtually on October 17, 2024. Despite a few of our members being snowed in, the committee held its Winter Business Meeting in person on January 23, 2025, at The Florida Bar Winter Meeting. In keeping with our commitment to increasing the number of board certification programs, the highlight of the January meeting was a very informative seminar organized by Vice Chair Amanda Biondolino, From Plan to Presentation: Guidance for a Successful Certification Prep. Our speakers were: Judge Andrew D. Manko, board certified in appellate practice; Michelle Klinger Smith, board certified in marital and family law; and Karen Evans-Putney, chair for the Labor and Employment Law Section.
In addition to our committee meetings, our Handbook Subcommittee, Marketing and Advertising Subcommittee, Technology/Webinar Subcommittee, and Increasing and Diversifying the Speaker Pool Sub-committee met throughout the year. A heartfelt thank you to our sub-committee chairs and liaisons.
We are grateful for our partners, Director Terry Hill, Director Leroy Smith, our Board of Governors liaison Michael Gelfand, and Rob Saravia, The Florida Bar Programs Marketing Manager. This year was bittersweet as we had a change in program administrator. Whitney Jobson was promoted to a new role within the Bar, (congrats Whitney) and we welcomed Lori Winger who jumped right in without missing a beat and kept us all on task. Thank you, Whitney and Lori.
The CLE Committee continues to urge members to evaluate at least one in-person and one webinar course, and provide feedback to help improve courses for all members of the Bar. On behalf of Vice Chairs Amanda Biondolino and Danielle Clark, and Secretary Alexander Harne, we extend a big thank you to our section representatives and members for their hard work and dedication. It has been an absolute honor to serve as chair of this hardworking committee.
Collett P. Small, Chair
Criminal Law Certification
The Criminal Law Certification Committee is responsible for overseeing the process of certifying attorneys as either criminal trial specialists or criminal appellate specialists recognized by The Florida Bar, and for reviewing the applications of currently certified attorneys seeking recertification as their terms expire. The certification process includes the following requirements: satisfactory peer review references, passing the certification examination (initial applicants only), substantial involvement in either criminal trial law or criminal appellate law, and a handling of either criminal trials or criminal appellate cases and matters.
For initial criminal trial certification, applicants needed at least 25 contested criminal cases, with 20 jury trials tried to verdict, 15 that involved a felony charge, and a minimum of 10 as lead counsel. For criminal trial recertification, applicants need at least five contested criminal actions, with four that were before a jury, and three, which involved a felony charge. For initial criminal appellant certification, applicants need representation of at least 25 criminal appellate actions. For criminal appellate recertification, applicants need representation of at least 10 criminal appellate actions. The time frame for qualifying criminal trials and appellate actions is within the five years preceding an application.
As chair of the Criminal Law Certification Committee, I am happy to report another successful year of overseeing the certification of Florida criminal lawyers. This year, the committee was once again comprised of 12 geographically diverse board-certified attorneys who practice in a variety of areas, including criminal trial, criminal appellate, criminal prosecution, and criminal defense. The committee consists of government attorneys, a prosecutor, judges and private practitioners. The committee is currently finalizing exam questions for the 2025 exam, including feedback from Board certified pre-testers and The Florida Bar’s exam consultant, to meet the high standards and requirements by both the committee and The Florida Bar.
The committee began drafting the 2025 examination in August of 2024, and met in person in December 2024 to review both initial and recertification applications. The criminal trial and criminal appellate certification examinations contain five essay questions and 50 multiple choice questions addressing procedural and substantive law in both state and federal court. The examination is written to assess a lawyer’s fundamental knowledge of the criminal laws and procedures, analytical reasoning, and skill in applying knowledge to practical situations in state and federal courts.
This year’s examination will be held May 16, 2025. Applicants will answer the questions in two 180-minute sessions. The exam will be administered both remotely and in person for hand-writers only in Orlando, if requested. Applicants are expected to be advised of their results by August 1, 2025.
At its final meeting of this term, the committee will grade the 2025 examinations. Those attorneys who meet all requirements for certification and who achieve a passing score on the examination will earn the designation as a criminal trial law board certified specialist or criminal appellate law board certified specialist.
Of the more than 100,000 members of The Florida Bar, 399 are currently board certified in criminal trial law, and 38 are board certified in criminal appellate law. In 2024, 61 attorneys sought recertification in criminal trial law and three attorneys sought recertification in criminal appellate law. In 2024, 41 attorneys applied to sit for the criminal trial 2025 examination and one attorney applied to sit for the criminal appellate 2025 examination. If an examinee is already board certified in criminal trial or criminal appellate law, they are only required to take the multiple-choice portion of the area in which they are seeking the additional certification.
The committee is grateful to the lawyers and judges who participate in the confidential peer review process. Without candid commentary from applicants’ peers, the committee’s ability to properly review applicants’ qualifications would be severely curtailed. The committee emphasizes to Bar members and judicial officers that commentary is confidential and will not be divulged to any applicant.
It has been an honor for me to serve as chair of the committee this year, along with Roger Futerman (vice chair), Judge John Parnofiello, Ann Phillips, David Chee, Mitchell Stone, Judge Donna Goerner, Kareem Todman, Ira Karmelin, Cyrus Toufanian, Emily VanOosting, and Jonathan Wasserman. Our committee also thanks our amazing staff liaison, Laurinda Jackson. Without her guidance, gentle reminders, hard work and organizational skills, we could not have accomplished what we have accomplished. A sincere and heartfelt thank you to Ms. Jackson and the entire committee for their hard work and dedication this year, and previous years.
Judge Kathryn M. Speicher, Chair
Criminal Procedure Rules
The Criminal Procedure Rules Committee has had another active and productive year, working to review and improve the Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure. Throughout the year, the committee has reviewed numerous proposals and submitted multiple reports to the Florida Supreme Court to ensure the rules remain clear, practical, and aligned with legislative developments.
Over the past year, the committee has filed several reports with the Florida Supreme Court, recommending amendments to multiple criminal procedure rules. The committee’s work this year included rule amendments to the bail and pretrial release rules in accordance with recent legislative amendments, to the pleading requirements for ineffective assistance of counsel claims based on failure to call a witness, and to the timeline for state appeals.
In addition to these filings, the committee actively participated in oral arguments and submitted comments in response to the Supreme Court and the Criminal Court Steering Committee’s published proposals. Notably, the committee provided feedback on the Court’s revisions to the Speedy Trial Rule (Rule 3.191) and the steering committee’s revisions to the pretrial detention rules and the stand-your-ground immunity motion deadlines, emphasizing the importance of procedural fairness and clarity.
This year’s efforts would not have been possible without the dedication and hard work of the committee members. Special thanks to Vice Chairs Judge Tesha S. Ballou, Katelyn Johnston, and Andrew Stanton. We also recognize the leadership and contributions of our subcommittee chairs, including David Chee, Jason Cromey, Richard Mantei, Laura Roe, and Christine Zahralban.
Judge Laura E. Ward, Chair
Education Law
The Education Law Committee has had another great year of collaboration and professional development.
In June 2024, the committee met at the Annual Florida Bar Convention in Orlando to conduct official business and consider education legislation that passed during the 2024 regular session.
Yours truly and Lacey Hoffman presented a CLE, “Florida Legislative and Legal Update.”
In October, the committee spent the afternoon together. We held a business meeting, then Rylie Pennell presented a CLE, “Game of Loans: A Comparative Analysis of the Higher Education Act of 1965 and the Heroes Act as Foundations for Broad Student Loan Forgiveness.” This is also the title of Rylie’s article in the Journal of College & University Law.
The committee also heard from Patricia R. Gleason on “Open Government Update.” Patricia was special counsel for open government for Attorney General Ashley Moody.
The committee held a Lunch’n Learn in September. Jeffrey Nolan presented on Title IX.
To start off the new year, the committee sponsored its annual Education Law Workshop to help prepare lawyers to take The Florida Bar Education Law Certification Exam and assist the rest of us to brush up on exam topics. We met in-person during The Florida Bar Winter Meeting in Orlando.
The workshop included presentations by Jonathan Squires on “Public Employees and First Amendment Rights,” Terry Harmon on “Children with Special Needs,” John Palmerini on “Employment Law/Labor Relations,” Nicholas Cavallaro of The Florida Bar on “Legal Ethics for Education Lawyers,” Stephanie Langer on “FERPA,” and Daniel Woodring on “K-12 Educational Choice.” We met over lunch to swap stories at a hotel restaurant.
In March 2025, the committee co-sponsored again the Stetson University National Conference on Law and Higher Education Conference in Clearwater Beach. David D’Agata and Thomas Major, Jr. presented on “Upholding the Promise of Brown v. Board in the Digital Age.”
Yours truly presented on a panel with Prof. Peter Lake, Seth Gilbertson and Debora Osgood on the “Impacts of the Supreme Court Triad of Decisions in Loper Bright, Corner Post and Jarkesy on Higher Education.”
On June 27, 2025, committee members are scheduled to come together in person again for the Annual Florida Bar Convention in Boca Raton.
Thanks to all of our panelists and CLE speakers this year. The committee has grown in part because the Bar approved longer terms for committee members. We are grateful for this rule change.
My sincere thanks goes to Vice-Chairs David D’Agata and Kelsey San Antonio. I could not have done it without them.
My personal thanks also goes to the leadership of The Florida Bar for the opportunity to lead the committee. Bar committee leadership is a professionally rewarding and important undertaking.
Nathan A. Adams IV, Chair
Education Law Certification
The Education Law Certification Committee (ELCC) serves to promote the highest levels of expertise, professionalism, and distinction of those Florida attorneys who pursue initial and renewed board certification from The Florida Bar in the practice of education law. The practice area itself covers a broad range of legal work and issues involving the legal rights and obligations of Florida’s K-12 and post-secondary public and private educational institutions, the students and parents/legal guardians they serve, as well as the governing boards, officials, and personnel of such educational institutions. Our area of certification was established in 2012. There are currently 46 attorneys who have obtained education law board certification.
Throughout the course of the 2024-2025 fiscal year, the ELCC convened a number of in-person and remote meetings to continually improve upon and update the Education Law Certification Exam, review applications for initial and renewed board certification, and consider potential recommendations concerning various rules and policies impacting education law certification. In addition, all ELCC members participated in training and professional development seminars tailored to the practice of education law. For instance, ELCC members participated in or presented at various seminars hosted by The Florida Bar’s Education Law Committee and other state and national organizations such as the Education Law Association and Stetson University National Conference on Law and Higher Education. Such activities have not only sustained but deepened the pool of Florida attorneys who achieve board certification in our practice area.
I am grateful for the thoughtful leadership and reliable assistance of Vice Chair Lisa Carmona; committee members Melissa Gross-Arnold, Mary Lawson, Dana Macdonald, Melinda McNichols, Shahar Pasch, Kevin Pendley, and Jonathan Squires; and our outstanding certification specialist, Kathleen Scholz-Jaffe. It has been my honor and privilege to observe — and arguably take part in — the ELCC’s excellent work and contributions to The Florida Bar and the communities we proudly serve.
David J. D’Agata, Chair
Elder Law Certification
The Elder Law Certification Committee is comprised of nine board-certified elder law attorneys appointed by The Florida Bar president-elect. Each member serves a staggered three-year term, ensuring continuity and expertise in overseeing the certification process.
In 2024, six attorneys achieved board certification in elder law, bringing the total number of board certified elder law attorneys in Florida to 114.
Throughout the year, the committee reviewed 23 attorneys for recertification and prepared for the upcoming certification exam. On March 14, 2025, 11 attorneys will sit for the exam — best of luck to all examinees!
The committee remains committed to maintaining the high standards of board certification. This year, members dedicated significant time and effort to crafting a rigorous and comprehensive examination designed to assess applicants’ knowledge and proficiency in elder law. Through virtual meetings, we collaborated to draft, refine, and perfect exam content. Additionally, experienced elder law attorneys volunteered to test the questions, and an exam consultant provided further review to ensure accuracy and effectiveness.
The 2024-2025 Elder Law Certification Committee is led by Chair Amy L. McGarry (Cape Coral) and Vice Chair Debra J. Slater (Coral Springs). Committee members include Alex Cuello (Miami), Matthew A. Linde (Naples), Jana McConnaughhay (Tallahassee), Beth A. Prather (Fort Myers), Beth K. Roland (Winter Park), Marjorie E. Wolasky (Miami), and Enrique Zamora (Coconut Grove).
We extend our sincere appreciation to Florida Bar certification specialist Laurinda Jackson for her invaluable guidance and organizational support.
Board certification is the highest level of recognition for an elder law attorney’s competence, professionalism, and expertise. We commend our newly certified attorneys and wish this year’s examinees success in their pursuit of this distinguished credential. If you have been practicing elder law for over five years and want to distinguish yourself in the field, we encourage you to consider applying for next year’s certification exam. Earning board certification enhances your credibility, demonstrates your commitment to excellence, and provides a valuable professional edge. Now is the perfect time to take the next step in your career!
Amy L. McGarry, Chair
Family Law Rules
The Family Law Rules Committee had another productive year thanks to the active participation of its members. The committee consists of 31 members and is responsible for rules amendments to family law court rules. Referrals can come from individuals in the committee or from any interested person. They can be triggered by new legislation, other rule changes in family or other court rules, the need for rule or form clarity, or for any other reason the proponent of the referral explains.
The committee has four subcommittees, and all have had active matters this year. Several matters are still pending. Some issues are re-writes for clarity and consistency with other rules, while others are large substantive issues like reconsideration of the procedure for and requirements of simplified dissolutions. The committee is also reviewing a proposal from The Florida Supreme Court Committee on Alternative Dispute Resolution Rules and Policy adding mediation procedures to Rule 12.740.
On October 31, 2024, a report to amend Rule 12.410 Subpoena was filed with the court. The amendments add new subdivision (a)(2) to require a notice of issuance of subpoena to parties. The notice requirement was deleted from a previous amendment to this rule in Case No. SC2021-606, 334 So.3d 575 (Mem), In re Amends. to Fla. Fam. L. Rule of Proc. 12.410, 334 So. 3d 575 (Fla. 2021)(“2021 Amendment”). After the deletion, the committee realized this created unintended issues. This is still pending.
My year of service as chair was an exciting and busy one. I am truly grateful for the opportunity to serve on this committee and to have served as chair. However, I am most proud of the accomplishments of the committee members. I personally add my acknowledgment and thanks to all the hard-working committee members. The members are truly dedicated to serving our profession and, in turn, the citizens of Florida. They understand and value that service is never for the promotion of self but is, instead, for the promotion of others and for the greater good.
I specifically acknowledge and commend the committee leadership: Magistrate K. Beth Luna, vice chair and Civil Rules Committee representative; Crystal Thornton, vice chair; Marck Joseph, vice chair; Temi Zeitenberg, vice chair; Roberta Walton Johnson, Rules of General Practice and Judicial Administration representative; and Sheena Benjamin-Wise, Family Law Section representative. The hard work of the committee falls on their shoulders.
I also thank the Bar staff who works tirelessly to keep our committee running smoothly and efficiently. We could not have done our job without her outstanding support.
Jeffrey Battista, Chair
Federal Court Practice
The Federal Court Practice Committee (FCPC) serves as The Florida Bar’s liaison to our federal courts, local Federal Bar Association chapters, and federal practitioners. The FCPC includes about 60 members, which ensures representation from each federal district court in Florida. Despite the challenges and hardships posed after hurricanes Helene and Milton, the FCPC met virtually in October 2024 as scheduled. The committee convened again at The Florida Bar Winter Meeting in Orlando (January 2025) and will meet in person at the Annual Florida Bar Convention in Boca Raton (June 2025).
The FCPC remains dedicated to addressing the needs of Florida’s federal courts and federal practitioners. Central to this mission is the FCPC’s work on The Guide to Judicial Practices in Florida’s Federal Courts, or as it is more affectionately known: “The Guide.” As part of an ongoing effort, the FCPC surveys members of the federal judiciary in Florida to learn their preferences on a wide array of procedural topics. The Guide compiles and publishes those answers as a resource for practitioners (available at www.floridabar.org/federalcorner). The Federal Guide Subcommittee has been chaired by Gavin Gaukroger and Diego Pestana.
In addition to the Guide, the FCPC maintains a dynamic web and social media presence. These social media efforts create an active voice on various platforms to deliver timely updates related to federal practice, including judicial vacancies, government job openings, rules updates, and other court matters. Social media also strengthens the committee’s connections with the FBA by marketing the organization’s CLE presentations and other relevant events from local chapters. The committee also curates content for the Federal Corner on The Florida Bar’s website (www.floridabar.org/federalcorner). Under the direction of Social Media Subcommittee Co-Chairs Stephanie Turk and Lori Adelson, every member of the FCPC serves as a “roving reporter” helping us distribute relevant content.
The Education Subcommittee, co-chaired by Andrea Nieto and James Stepan, continues to expand CLE opportunities for members of The Florida Bar focused on federal practice. Just before The Florida Bar Winter Meeting, the FCPC collaborated with the FBA Orlando Chapter for an in person panel at the federal courthouse — The Eleventh Circuit 2024 Year in Review. Meanwhile, the Rules Subcommittee, chaired by Meaghan Murphy, has been diligently reporting on current and proposed updates to the federal and local rules.
Pro Bono Subcommittee Co-Chairs Lauren Stricker and Katherine Earle Yanes have looked for new ways to connect federal practitioners with pro bono opportunities through strategic engagement with the local FBA chapters, pro bono service organizations, projects, and clinics. And our Long Range Planning Subcommittee, co-chaired by Vince Citro and Petra Justice, focuses on assessing the committee’s infrastructure and other considerations for how the FCPC can better serve the bench and bar.
During the Annual Florida Bar Convention, the FCPC will host its signature event — the Federal Judicial Roundtable. This premier CLE program facilitates an open dialogue between federal judges and practitioners on issues involving ethics, professionalism, court procedure, and emerging technology. The Roundtable attracts dozens of federal appellate, district, magistrate, and bankruptcy judges, along with more than 200 practitioners. Each of Florida’s three federal districts provides a “State of the District” update during the program. Roundtable Subcommittee Co-Chairs Christopher Brochu, Nicole Comparato, and Ryan Forrest are finalizing this year’s guided discussion topics, which will offer invaluable insights on effective advocacy and best practices for litigation. The program concludes with a reception honoring the federal judiciary. Historically, the Roundtable generates substantial sponsorship revenue to cover the event costs and support future programming.
Finally, none of the FCPC’s work would be possible without our staff liaison, Lani Fraser. She effortlessly provides a foundation for this committee’s programs and initiatives. Every success is due, at least in part, to Lani’s unmatched devotion to the committee. Thank you, Lani!
Brandon K. Breslow, Chair
The Florida Bar Journal and News Editorial Board
The Bar Journal and News publications keep Bar members informed and educated, both online and in print. The Journal publishes scholarly articles on substantive law, supported by research and citations, six times per year. The News covers stories and events in the legal community, 12 times per year in print, with online content updated daily.
The Editorial Board is 44 members strong this year and primarily serves as peer reviewers of feature articles for the Journal. The board’s purpose is to provide comprehensive and quality feedback, including recommended revisions, to authors who submit manuscripts for publication. Additionally, board members may volunteer to write book reviews for submission to the Journal and to have the option to participate on various other committees throughout the year.
I extend my thanks to all authors who submitted articles to the Journal. The Editorial Board appreciates all contributions. The Florida Bar Journal Excellence in Writing Award is issued every year. The 2024 award went to Jed Kurzban, Lauren Gallagher, Taylor Hill, and Camila Torres Jaramillo for their article, “Neither Goose Nor Gander: Why Tort Reform Fails All,” which was originally published in the September/October 2024 issue. The article discusses legal concepts associated with Tort Law and the civil justice system in Florida, and how it relates to medical malpractice issues.
The Editorial Board congratulates the authors, who have been recognized in the News, for their exceptional feature article.
The Journal and News are available in print and online at https://www.floridabar.org/news/news-journal/. Every issue of the Journal since 2016 is available as a digital flipbook that can be downloaded as a PDF. The News and Journal’s extensive archive also includes over two decades of articles that are available online in a searchable database. It is a free and useful research tool for both Bar members and the public. The combined Journal & News website garnered over 2.2 million page views last year.
I thank each board member for their dedication, hard work, and commitment to these excellent publications. I also thank Bar staff for their outstanding work with the Editorial Board and their commitment to ensuring the integrity and high quality of both publications. I thank Editor Mark Killian, Managing Editor Rawan Bitar, and Associate Editor Kevin C. Murphy, Jr., for their continued hard work in the day-to-day operations of the Journal.
I thank the volunteer members of the Editorial Board, section column editors, and authors for their extraordinary contributions and look forward to a bright future for the Journal and News.
Ryan Tindall, Chair
Florida Probate Rules
The Florida Probate Rules Committee had a productive 2024-2025 Bar year. The committee filed reports with the Florida Supreme Court with proposed rule amendments and coordinated as needed with other rules committees regarding proposals affecting probate areas of practice.
The committee filed a report (Case No. SC2025-0266) proposing amendments to Rule 5.405 (Proceedings to Determine Homestead Status of Real Property) to require that the petition include whether the decedent died testate or intestate and in cases in which the surviving spouse has waived homestead rights, the method by which those rights were waived.
The committee filed a report (Case No. SC2024-0773) proposing amendments to Rules 5.040 (Notice), 5.499 (Form and Manner of Objecting to Personal Representative’s Proof of Claim), and 5.904 (Forms for Initial and Annual Guardianship Plans). The proposed amendments to Rule 5.040 would permit e-service of formal notice in cases in which an attorney has appeared for the interested person in the case. The committee proposed amendments to Rule 5.499 to remove the 10-day deadline for filing an objection to reflect statutory changes. The proposed amendments to Rule 5.904 clarify the timeframe for the examination for the physician’s report. The case was submitted without oral argument on October 23, 2024.
In response to 2024 legislation, the committee filed a report (Case No. SC2024-1057) proposing amendments to Rules 5.240 (Notice of Administration) and 5.241 (Notice to Creditors) to address changes to F.S. §733.212, regarding the Florida Uniform Disposition of Community Property Rights at Death Act. In the same case, the committee proposed amendments to Rules 5.550 (Petition to Determine Incapacity), 5.649 (Guardian Advocate), 5.681 (Restoration of Rights of Person with Developmental Disability), and 5.905 (Form for Petition; Notice; and Order for Appointment of Guardian Advocate of the Person to address changes to F.S. §744.3201, regarding supported decisionmaking. Amendments were effective September 5, 2024. The committee proposed additional amendments, some of which were adopted by the court in its opinion issued February 27, 2025. The updated amendments became effective on the release of the opinion.
In March 2024, the committee filed a report (Case No. SC2024-0433) proposing amendments to Rules 5.095 (General and Special Magistrates), 5.320 (Oath of Personal Representative), 5.550 (Petition to Determine Incapacity), and 5.697 (Magistrates’ Review of Guardianship Inventories, Accounting, and Plans). After receiving comments, the committee asked to rescind its proposed amendments to Rules 5.095 and 5.697 and the court permitted the rescission of those proposed amendments. The court adopted the committee’s proposal to Rule 5.320 that created a new oath for entities as well as the amendments to Rule 5.550 that require that both the notice of petition to determine incapacity and the petition be read to the alleged incapacitated person. These amendments became effective January 1, 2025.
The committee published amendments for comment that amend Rule 5.010 (Scope) to reference Part V of the Florida Probate Rules “Forms.”
As new legislation is passed, the Florida Probate Rules Committee will continue to review and analyze the legislation to determine whether resulting amendments to the Florida Probate Rules are necessary and do so in an expeditious manner. The committee continues to work closely with the Real Property, Probate and Trust Law (RPPTL) Section to revise and update the rules to correspond with legislation promulgated by the RPPTL section.
We urge practitioners to monitor The Florida Bar News for the publication of proposed rule changes, as well as the Florida Supreme Court’s web page, which lists the pending rules cases. The committee always welcomes comments regarding any pending projects, as well as suggestions for rule changes based on procedural problems and caselaw encountered by courts and practitioners.
It has been an honor and privilege to serve as co-chairs of the Florida Probate Rules Committee this year. Thank you for this special opportunity to serve The Florida Bar and the legal community. We appreciate the volunteerism, knowledge, and collegiality of our committee members, and we thank them for their contributions. We extend a special thanks to Vice Chair and subcommittee Chair Michael Alan Sneeringer, subcommittee Chairs Marve Ann M. Alaimo, J. Allison Archbold, Frederick Lee Hearn, Antonio Paulo Romano, Michael Alan Sneeringer for their hard work, insight, and dedication to providing thorough analysis and excellent work product on behalf of the committee.And most importantly, we extend our sincerest gratitude to Florida Bar Attorney Liaison Heather Savage Telfer for her extensive knowledge, assistance, guidance, and hard work this year.
Erin Farrington Finlen & Zackary T. Zuroweste, Co-Chairs
Florida Registered Paralegal Eligibility and Compliance
The Florida Registered Paralegal Eligibility and Compliance Committee, formerly the Florida Registered Paralegal Standing Committee, is pleased to report another effective year for the legal community. The responsibility of the FRP Eligibility and Compliance Committee is to determine whether a paralegal has met the education, training, certification, and work experience required for registration as a Florida Registered Paralegal as set forth in Chapter 20 of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. The duties of the committee include proposing rule amendments to Ch. 20, setting policy for the program, and providing guidance to bar counsel and the district paralegal committees.
The committee closely monitors the professional development of paralegals within the legal community. Working closely with the Florida Registered Paralegal Enrichment Committee, we continuously review how our program can be enhanced to meet the ever-changing needs of our valued membership. The committee’s goal is to cultivate the program’s membership for sustainable growth.
This year, the committee was excited when the Florida Supreme Court amended Bar Rule 20.3.1 to create an option for someone to become a Florida Registered Paralegal “via an attestation of paralegal work experience from an employing or supervising attorney.” This change to the FRP requirements for registration is known as “designation by attestation.” Paralegal work experience and proof of continuing education criteria is another pathway the applicant can now follow to be granted the FRP designation.
At the end of last, a request to explore the idea and possibly create a rule amendment to 20.6, “Continuing Education Lecture Credits for FRPs,” was brought before the committee. The new language would award lecture credits to FRPs and mirrors the BLSE Policy 5.10.a.1. FRPs have stepped up as presenters in recent years, and the proposed additional language states: “A Florida Registered Paralegal may receive continuing education credit after satisfactory performance as a lecturer in an approved course. Credit will be approved for up to 3 credit hours for each 50 minutes of lecture time at basic seminars or up to 5 credit hours for each 50 minutes of lecture time at intermediate seminars.
Looking forward, the committee is closely watching the new FRP Outreach Volunteers Project presented by the Florida Registered Paralegal Enrichment Committee. We are all interested in seeing how the role of the paralegal can be defined in a pro bono environment. It is the unique role of the members that serve on this committee to support, develop, and promote the Florida Registered Paralegal Program. Special thanks to Nikeisha S.W. Pryor, vice chair; Courtney Nichole Caddeo, Kristin L. Kadaj, FRP, Paul Pelton, FRP, Brian M. Rubright, FRP, and Camille Wallace for a great year! From all of us serving on the committee, our heartfelt thanks to Diana Kellogg, assistant division director of programs, for absolutely everything!
Margo Hinchey Valenti, Chair
Florida Registered Paralegal Enrichment
The Florida Registered Paralegal Enrichment Committee was created by a July 27, 2018, motion from the Program Evaluation Committee to The Board of Governors to split the Florida Registered Paralegal Committee into two committees, https://www-media.floridabar.org/uploads/2018/10/Regular-Minutes-July-27-2018-meeting.pdf. The FRP Enrichment Committee was established to create awareness of the FRP program and its benefits, and to manage education, networking, and social events.
The missions of the committee are to: 1) create awareness of the FRP program in accordance with Chapter 20 of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar; 2) enhance communication about the benefits of FRP membership; 3) develop education programming; and 4) create networking and social events to foster camaraderie and cohesiveness of Florida Registered Paralegals and other paralegals/legal assistants.
In order to achieve these missions, the following five subcommittees were formed at the committee’s first meeting on January 18, 2019: 1) FRP Awareness Subcommittee; 2) Communication Subcommittee (now known as “Newsletter/FRP Corner Subcommittee”); 3) CLE Subcommittee; 4) Networking Social Subcommittee (now known as “Social Media Subcommittee”); and 5) Special Projects Subcommittee. The Regulation Subcommittee was added on October 19, 2020.
The initial tasks assigned to the Awareness Subcommittee were to create awareness through outreach to legal and paralegal organizations and paralegal education programs and to assist with an FRP membership survey. Over the past eight years, the tasks assigned to this subcommittee have expanded to include creating and enhancing awareness of the FRP program by conducting outreach, providing information and offering support to legal and paralegal organizations and educational programs, and promoting the program’s value to current and aspiring paralegals. Kelly Purcell, FRP, chair; Debra Giura, FRP, vice chair; and their subcommittee members have assisted in the promotion of the FRP program by attending events presented by the Volusia County Paralegal Association, the Central Florida Paralegal Association, Valencia College’s paralegal studies program, and the Florida Legal Education Association. Kelly Purcell, FRP, made virtual presentations highlighting the benefits of FRP membership to the students of the paralegal studies program at Seminole State College. She also met with faculty and committee members of the St. Johns River State College’s Paralegal Studies Advisory Committee and with the chair and program coordinator of the University of Central Florida’s Department of Legal Studies. She recently attended a career networking event at the College of Central Florida.
The initial tasks assigned to the Newsletter/FRP Corner Subcommittee were to keep FRPs informed utilizing The Florida Bar website and The FRP Corner. Jennifer Diminich, FRP, chair; Kathryn Dilworth, FRP, vice chair, and their subcommittee members publish the FRP Times e-newsletter twice annually. The FRP Times contains articles related to the legal profession and the improvement of legal services, including career advice and strategies and techniques utilized by other paralegals. They also frequently update The FRP Corner with information regarding FRP benefits, announcements, and upcoming meetings and seminars. The FRP Corner also contains prior CLE webinar recordings which are available for viewing and CLE credit.
The initial tasks of the CLE Subcommittee were to plan seminars related to the needs and interests of paralegals and to coordinate with other paralegal programs. Since our first CLE in June, 2020, a two-hour presentation by Pat McGuiness and Ann Finnell on the topic of trial preparation when defending an innocent client based on the trial of Brenton Butler and the Oscar-winning HBO documentary “Murder on a Sunday Morning,” over 52 CLE seminars have been presented. Co-Chairs Jennifer Finch, FRP, Danielle Spradley, and their subcommittee members present a free webinar online every month. Each CLE covers a different area of law and is accredited by The Florida Bar. Each monthly seminar has approximately 900 to 1,000 registrants and 700 to 900 attendees. The seminar for January, “Preferences and Procedures for the 18th Circuit,” was well attended with over 500 attendees. The FRP Enrichment Committee’s free CLE webinars are consistently the most watched of any Florida Bar webinars.
The initial tasks of the Social Media Subcommittee were to foster camaraderie and cohesiveness among FRPs and other paralegals and legal assistants. The tasks of this subcommittee have continued to grow as our reliance on social media has increased. Lily McLane-Dalton, FRP, chair; Tonya Wood, FRP, vice chair; and their subcommittee members post events for FRPs and paralegals, announce our free monthly webinars, and post news for paralegals and the legal community. The subcommittee also started “Get to Know Your FRP Enrichment Committee Members,” which introduces the officers of the FRP Enrichment Committee.
The initial tasks of the Special Projects Subcommittee were to plan the meeting, CLE, and reception at the Annual Florida Bar Convention. The subcommittee is now charged with electing that year’s “FRP of the Year” based on the criteria established by the committee.
In 2019, the task to study the feasibility of the addition of student membership and to prepare a proposal for the Compliance Committee to include internship and mentorship was assigned to the Regulation Subcommittee. In 2022, the task of preparing this proposal was transferred to the Special Projects Subcommittee. Several drafts of a proposed rule amendment which identified and defined the qualifications of active students seeking membership as student members of the Florida Registered Paralegal Program were developed. The proposal provided projected membership data, recruitment methods, and fiscal impacts. After much research, it was determined that this proposal was not feasible and no further action will be taken.
Co-Chairs Rebecca Schriver, CP, FRP; Jennifer Heape, CP, FCP, FRP; and Frank Springer, FRP, and their subcommittee, planned the 2024 FRP of the Year Reception at the Annual Florida Bar Convention on June 28, 2024. After reviewing over 200 entries, Aylmar Thompson, FRP, a paralegal in Jacksonville Area Legal Aid’s Veterans Services Unit, was awarded The Florida Bar’s Florida Registered Paralegal of the Year Award for 2024 for his exemplary performance and outstanding leadership. The subcommittee is currently planning the 2025 FRP of the Year Reception to be held at the Florida Bar Annual Convention in Boca Raton on June 27, 2025.
Irma Tharp, FRP, and Jessica Peter, FRP, co-chairs of the Regulation Subcommittee, and their subcommittee members monitor monthly national Zoom meetings, which address access to justice and legal licensure for paralegals, and provide the committee a report about the meetings. They also maintain a color-coded map of the U.S. indicating the states that have established licensure for paralegals and those states which are discussing licensure for paralegals all with a goal of providing access to justice for those who are unable to afford legal representation in areas such as domestic violence, simple divorce, foreclosures, and estate planning.
The Regulation Subcommittee has created the FRP Outreach Volunteer Project which will utilize FRP volunteers to assist legal aid organizations. They will work with the FRP Awareness Subcommittee to expand outreach and awareness of the Florida Registered Paralegal Program. FRP Outreach Volunteers throughout Florida will assist legal aid organizations by performing specifically delegated tasks assigned by supervising attorneys within the legal aid organizations. FRPs will utilize their knowledge, education, and experience in specific areas of law while also acquiring professionally enriching experience. To date, over 120 FRPs have volunteered to take part in this project by submitting their completed intake form.
On January 24, 2025, the committee unanimously approved two proposed rules previously submitted to the FRP Eligibility and Compliance Committee. Proposed Rule 20-6.1 proposes to award lecture credit for paralegals. Proposed Rule 20-6.2 mirrors Rule 6-10.2 for attorneys which identifies the situations under which extensions of time to complete continuing education requirements may be requested, providing the reason, and that extensions will not be considered from individuals. These proposals will now proceed through the rule process of The Florida Bar.
FRP Membership Status: As of February 28, 2025, there are 4,800 Florida Registered Paralegals with new applications being submitted every week.
As the FRP Enrichment Committee comes into its ninth year on July 1, 2025, the terms of the following members are ending: Karen George, FRP, Debra Giura, FRP, Jennifer Heape, CP, FCP, FRP, and Rebecca Schriver, CP, FRP, who have served on the committee since its inception, and Danielle Spradley, Chris Nanarello, FRP, and Luigi Caldeira, FRP, who are completing their term.
The FRP Enrichment Committee is comprised of members working in every area of law. They provide diverse talents and ideas, are dedicated to their profession, and are committed to the advancement of the paralegal profession. We are proud of the growth and advancement of the FRP Enrichment Committee over the past eight years. We strive to educate the legal community about the FRP designation and the many benefits of holding that designation. We thank all the FRP Enrichment Committee chairs, co-chairs, vice chairs, and members for generously volunteering their time, knowledge, and service which allows us to continue to fulfill our Mission Statement.
Jennifer Heape & Rebecca J. Schriver, Co-Chairs
Government Advocacy
The Government Advocacy Committee (GAC) was created in 2016 to recognize and address professional issues impacting lawyer-lobbyists and lawyers working within local, state, and federal governments. Since its inception, the committee has remained focused on advocacy related to those issues that specifically impact its membership and on providing unique legal education programs created specifically for Florida lawyer-lobbyists and government attorneys. The mission of the Government Advocacy Committee continues to be: 1) Promote professionalism among lawyer-lobbyists; 2) Provide appropriate and applicable legal education on matters of interest to (and tailored especially for) lawyer-lobbyists; 3) Provide mentoring and networking opportunities that are not available elsewhere; and 4) Provide an opportunity for lawyer-lobbyists to stay abreast of and collectively be heard by Florida Bar leadership on various Bar proposals (including proposed rules and ethics opinions) that may affect them.
On October 30, 2024, the committee sponsored a CLE on Public Meeting & Public Records presented by Pat Gleason, special counsel for open government, Attorney General’s Office. The CLE was excellent and was attended by over 100 committee members and others. It is available on the committee webpage for future viewing.
On February 27, 2024, the committee hosted Introduction to Rules of the Florida Legislature CLE presented by past GAC Chair Booter Imhof and GAC Board of Governors liaison David Grimes. Focusing on the recent changes in the House Rules, Senate Rules, and Joint Rules, the CLE was very timely in preparation for the start of the 2025 Regular Legislative Session. The CLE was extremely informative and very well attended. It is available on the committee webpage for future viewing.
In keeping with established tradition, the GAC will be holding a live meeting, CLE programs, and a networking reception at the 2025 Annual Florida Bar Convention.
The committee currently has 233 members, and we continue to be proud of the growth in membership as well as the opportunities for education and networking. We offer our thanks to our Board of Governor’s liaison, David Grimes, as well as to our immediate past chair, Kelly Kibbey Smith, for their leadership and support. The chair personally thanks GAC Vice Chairs Mark Delegal and Aaron Dunlap for their leadership in CLE programming and events. If you are interested in joining the committee, please contact Joni Hooks at [email protected].
Martha J. Edenfield, Chair
Grievance Mediation and Fee Arbitration
This has been a year of accomplishments for the Standing Committee on Grievance Mediation and Fee Arbitration, which would not have been possible without the continued hard work undertaken by the committee’s various subcommittees. The Rules, Recruitment, and Communication/Training subcommittees continue to be actively engaged and report to the committee on a quarterly basis.
This has been a very busy year for our committee. One of our main objectives was to encourage lawyers, law firms, and the public to utilize the fee arbitration and grievance mediation processes. Toward that end, the committee developed and produced (thanks to the persistence and dedication from subcommittee members and assistance from staff members and The Florida Bar staff) two podcasts dealing with both the arbitration and mediation aspects of our program. In addition, we have produced a video geared to consumers of legal services to educate them about how they can use the fee grievance and mediation program to quickly resolve fee disputes that is free and constitutes a final binding decision on the parties. The podcasts can be viewed on the LegalFuel website at https://www.legalfuel.com/from-conflict-to-cooperation-how-mediation-keeps-attorneys-and-clients-moving-forward/ and https://www.legalfuel.com/navigating-client-fee-disputes-using-arbitration/.
The video that serves to inform lawyers and consumers about the fee arbitration program now appears on the committee’s page on The Florida Bar website at https://www.floridabar.org/public/acap/assistance.
Our new training programming and videos featuring committee members Christina Magee, Brenda Gordon, Linda Vitale, David Lichter, and former committee member Louise Zeuli, have been approved for CLE credit. The videos are available on YouTube:
- Florida Bar Mediation Training — Dos Don’ts and What Ifs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odnvuzf3RBM
- Selected and Thorny Issues in Florida Bar Fee Arbitrations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S57ELtpqgPU
The Rules subcommittee, chaired by Chardean Hill, is currently working on a number of potential changes to the rules. One set of changes relates to the committee’s prior pilot project to incorporate mediation into the fee arbitration process. Under the new rule, a mediator is appointed at the same time as an arbitrator, and the parties are given the option to mediate their dispute ahead of the final arbitration hearing. The new proposed rule will provide the option to mediate a fee dispute as part of the fee arbitration process. The Rules subcommittee is also working on changes that will address the possibility that some arbitrations may require longer than eight hours of hearing time.
The Recruitment subcommittee, chaired by Dr. James Moran, has continued to grow the roster of approved arbitrators and mediators. The programs now boast 183 approved fee arbitrators, and 211 approved grievance mediators.
The success that the committee currently enjoys is due almost entirely to the efforts of its subcommittees, and most notably, to its subcommittee chairs who devote considerable time and effort to improve and draw attention to the fee arbitration and grievance mediation programs. Our committee recognizes and thanks all subcommittee chairs — Chardean Hill, Samuel Lewis, Dr. James Moran, and Charles Samarkos — for their continued hard work throughout the year.
We also recognize the terrific dedication of Christina Magee and Eric Dunlap to our committee that will term off at the conclusion of this Bar year.
Steven B. Lesser, Chair
Health Law Certification
I am pleased to report on the committee’s work over the past year. Our committee is responsible for overseeing the certification of attorneys as health law specialists recognized by The Florida Bar. Since the first class of certified specialists in 1995, the program has grown to include 122 board-certified health lawyers. These attorneys practice across a broad spectrum of health law, advising clients on transactional, litigation, and regulatory matters in private practice, government, and corporate settings.
Each year, our committee reviews applications from attorneys seeking initial certification and from those applying for recertification, which is required every five years. To achieve board certification, candidates must be members of The Florida Bar for at least five years, dedicate at least 40% of their practice to health law, complete 60 hours of approved CLE, undergo a rigorous peer review process, and pass a certification exam. The current exam includes 56 multiple-choice questions and four essays.
This year, we reviewed and approved 10 applications for initial certification. We also reviewed and approved 19 attorneys for recertification. Our committee remains committed to upholding the high standards of board certification in health law and ensuring the process remains both rigorous and fair.
Our committee members for the 2024-2025 term are: Jacqueline Bain, Vice Chair; Lisa Taylor, Immediate Past Chair; Richard Brooderson; Bill Dillon; Erin Aebel; Elizabeth Daley Shaw; Emily Katz; Steve Resnick
We are grateful for the invaluable support of our certification specialist, Kathleen Scholz-Jaffe. Our committee members dedicate their time to the peer review process, as well as the development and grading of the certification exam. This year, at the request of the Board of Legal Specialization and Education, we drafted a comprehensive definition of a minimally qualified applicant for certification. We appreciated the BLSE’s recognition and kudos on the clarity and organization of our definition.
Serving as chair of this committee has been both an honor and a privilege. The work is demanding, but incredibly rewarding, and I appreciate the dedication and expertise of my fellow committee members.
Ramona H. Thomas, Chair
Immigration and Nationality Law Board Certification
The 2024-2025 Florida Bar Immigration and Nationality Law Board Certification Committee consisted of Jeffrey Devore (chair), Isadora Velazquez-Rivas (vice chair), Alexandra Friz-Garcia, Barry Lieber, Claudia Phaneuf, Denisse Ilabaca, Kari Fonte, Marcela Gyires, and William Gerstein. Chyra Reynolds of the Florida Bar served as our liaison. We are grateful for Chyra’s consistent support and assistance throughout the year.
The committee was assisted by four board certified immigration and nationality attorneys who served as pre-testers to provide expert feedback on the draft of our 2025 exam. We thank Scot Silzer, Elan Baret, Carmen Arce, and Shahzad Ahmed for being generous with their time and knowledge to ensure the exam was clear, fair, and commensurate with the standards of the BLSE.
Special thanks to Vice Chair Isadora Velazquez and committee member William Gerstein for leading the drafting and editing of the committee’s definition of a minimally qualified applicant for board certification in immigration and nationality law.
There are currently 79 Florida Bar board certified immigration and nationality law attorneys. During the 2024-2025 term, our committee received and approved 13 recertification exams and four initial applications to sit for the exam.
Board certification should be a goal for any attorney specializing in their practice area. The exam is rigorous, and the study process requires that an applicant become proficient in a broad range of topics. Achieving this level of proficiency elevates the practice of law and assists board certified attorneys to provide the highest level of legal services to their clients.
Since becoming board certified in Immigration and Nationality law in 1997 it has been my honor to serve on the committee for three terms and to serve as committee chair twice. I strongly believe that board certified attorneys should volunteer to serve for a term on the board certification committee, as well as other volunteer activities in support of the board certification program. By doing so, attorneys will have the opportunity to work alongside other specialists in their practice area and to grow together in knowledge and professionalism.
Jeffrey A. Devore, Chair
Intellectual Property Certification
The Intellectual Property Certification Committee certifies attorneys as experts in intellectual property law, which covers four substantive areas of law: patent law, trademark law, copyright law, and trade secret law. Attorneys who are board certified in intellectual property Law may practice in only one of these substantive areas, or in some combination of substantive areas. However, to qualify for board certification, attorneys must demonstrate sufficient knowledge of all of the substantive areas encompassed within intellectual property law.
Last year was a very productive year for the committee. As intellectual law often involves cutting edge technology and legal issues, the committee is always striving to ensure that those applying for certification or recertification have the special knowledge, skills, and proficiency, as well as the character, ethics, and reputation for professionalism, to be properly identified to the public as board certified in intellectual property law.
The committee held an in-person meeting in Tampa in November 2025. During this meeting, multiple choice, short answer, and essay questions for the May 2025 examination were reviewed and revised. Additionally, recertification and initial applications were reviewed and discussed.
There are currently 134 lawyers board certified in intellectual property law. The committee received and reviewed eight new certification applications. Five of these applicants have been approved to sit for the upcoming certification exam, two applications were withdrawn, and one application is still under consideration. Seventeen recertification applications were received, all have been approved for recertification.
Additionally, the committee is critically analyzing the scoring of the essay model answers and short question model answers to ensure grading is uniform and readily understandable.
This year’s accomplishments are the result of significant time devoted by the committee’s vice chair, John Coy Stull, and by committee members Paul D. Bianco, Rick Fee, Anton Hopen, Kim Kolback, Andriy Lytvyn, Julee Milham, and Janet Moreira. The committee acknowledges with appreciation Kathleen Scholz-Jaffe, who never fails to provide us all with extraordinary support and assistance.
Kelly G. Swartz, Chair
International Law Certification
The International Law Certification Committee has, since the start of the current term, carried out the following activities: 1) 43 lawyers are currently certified in international law; 2) reviewed and approved 9 recertifiction applications but no initial certification applications; 3) on of our committee members, Jake Baccari, passed away during the term, and the committee provided its sincere condolences for Jake’s passing. He will be sorely missed; 4) prepared and had published promotional blasts promoting international law board certification in the ILS Gazette, the weekly newsletter of the International Law Section; 5) reviewed and revised, as appropriate, the entire uestions for use in the certification exam. All multiple choice questions presented for use on the certification exam align with the current state of the law, the materials available to a candidate, and Florida Bar question form requirements; 6) worked with the ILS committee revising and updating the International Law Deskbook 2020 to ensure that the exam corresponds with the materials contained in the Deskbook. Our committee is looking forward to the publication of the revised 2025 edition later this year; and 7) the committee chair promoted International Law board certification by presenting during the luncheon at the iLaw2025: the ILS Global Forum on International Law held February 7, 2025, in Miami and manning a table there distributing promotional material encouraging international lawyers to apply for board certification.
During the remainder of the current term, the committee will continue to promote awareness of the International Law board certification pathway and the work of board certified international law practitioners by running a pieces on the advantages of board certification in the ILS Gazette.
The chair thanks the entire committee for their commitment and support in this year-long endeavor. The chair also thanks Allison Armour for her steadfast support and guidance.
Robert J. Becerra, Chair
Juvenile Court Rules
The Juvenile Court Rules Committee is ending another great year of dedicated effort to improve the Juvenile Court Rules. The committee has actively reviewed, analyzed, and proposed numerous rule amendments to ensure clarity, consistency, and compliance with legislative changes.
So far this year, the committee has approved several proposed amendments for filing with the Florida Supreme Court. The committee analyzed recently passed legislation and proposed revision to the Juvenile Rules sample forms and orders to implement the new legislation. The committee has also proposed several other significant amendments to include: 1) Clarifying procedures for serving summons for petitions, 2) Taking testimony via communication technology, serving subpoenas requiring attendance at remote hearings, 3) Clarifying that child is entitled to the first and last closing argument when the child offers no testimony other than their own, 4) Specifying the individuals that the clerk must serve a summons for a petition on, 5) Eliminating a potential conflict with the Rules of Appellate Procedure, 6) Amending the timeline for subpoena procedures, 7) Allowing electronic signatures for clients, 8) Allowing the required information under the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act to be included within the first pleading, as opposed to requiring an accompanying affidavit, and 9) Clarifying the procedures for dismissing dependency petitions.
I extend my sincere appreciation to Vice Chairs Judge Angélica D. Zayas, Janine Rice, and Sara Goldfarb for their dedication and leadership service to the committee. I also thank all the committee members for their invaluable time, dedication, and service in continuously improving the Juvenile Court Rules.
Sarah J. Rumph, Chair
Labor and Employment Law Certification
The Labor and Employment Law Certification Committee oversees the certification of attorneys as labor and employment law specialists recognized by The Florida Bar. The Florida Bar certified the first class of labor and employment law certified specialists in 2001, and there are currently 164 labor and employment law certified lawyers in The Florida Bar. Board certified specialists in Labor and Employment Law practice under a myriad of public and private sector labor and employment laws, providing advice and counsel for both employee and employer representation in transactional, litigation, and appellate practices.
The committee reviews the applications for those lawyers seeking initial certification each year, as well as the renewal applications for certified attorneys seeking recertification. To initially qualify for labor and employment law certification, lawyers must be a member of The Florida Bar for five years, be substantially involved (at least 50% of their practice) in labor and employment law, complete 60 hours of approved labor and employment law advanced CLE credits, pass a rigorous peer review process, and pass a certification exam. The certification exam currently consists of 50 multiple-choice questions, 20 short-answer questions, and four essays. The committee is currently considering changes to the make up of the exam to more effectively test for expertise in the broad practice area of labor and employment law.
For the 2024-2025 certification year, the committee reviewed 24 recertification applications. One is outstanding at this time; all others were approved. The committee also reviewed and approved 13 initial applications to sit for the exam, with 12 of the initial applicants sitting for the exam on March 14, 2025.
The committee has met numerous times since July 2024 to review applications and draft the certification examination. The hard working and dedicated members of the Labor and Employment Law Certification Committee include Vice Chair Eric Gabrielle, Gary Costales, Dennis McClelland, Diane Perez, Brett Schneider, Cathleen Scott, Shaina Thorpe, and Ben Yormak. Thank you all for your tireless efforts, diligence, professionalism, and commitment to upholding the high standards of this certification. In addition, special thank you to our Florida Bar staff liaison, Kathleen Scholz-Jaffe. Her diligent assistance throughout the year is invaluable and much appreciated.
Also, committee leadership made efforts to advancing the BLSE’s goals of: 1) promotion of board certification; and 2) improvement of exam passage rates. With the assistance and cooperation of the Labor and Employment Law Section of the Florida Bar, a presentation was made during the Labor and Employment Certification Review program in Tampa on January 15-16, 2025, to provide guidance strategies and preparation for success regarding the certification exam. In addition, on February 7, 2025, the Labor and Employment Law Section sponsored and conducted, with the involvement of committee Vice Chair Eric Gabrielle, a webinar for examinees on the same topic. Special recognition is due to Stephanie Marchman of the GrayRobinson firm for serving as the primary speaker at the webinar.
Kendra Presswood, Chair
Law Related Education
The Law Related Education Committee (LREC) provides law related educational programs for high school students and young adults, with an emphasis on teaching the target audience about the legal system as well as citizenship, respect for people, and property rights. The committee seeks to maintain and enhance the cooperative efforts of attorneys, educators, and the judicial system in the field of law related education in Florida.
During this last year, the highlight of the work of the LREC was the growth of the Florida High School Appellate Brief Writing and Moot Court Competition, a two-part program offering a unique opportunity for Florida high school students to learn about the appellate process. Schools across the state were invited to participate in a brief-writing and oral arguments using a case problem drafted by members of the LREC’s High School Moot Court Subcommittee, under the leadership of subcommittee Chair Patricia Carbone and committee Chair Judge Stephen Jewett. The case problem consists of two items, a fictional majority opinion and dissenting opinion by a panel of Florida’s [fictional] Seventh District Court of Appeal that addresses two legal issues, and a fictional order by the Florida Supreme Court that accepts jurisdiction of the case for briefing and argument on the two issues. This January, 24 student teams from 19 different schools across the state of Florida submitted briefs for the competition. Volunteers from the LREC and the legal community reviewed and scored the briefs. In the third year of the program, the LREC, with the invaluable assistance of the Appellate Practice Section, was able to hold a preliminary oral argument round in all six of Florida’s district courts of appeal. One team from each district will advance to the semi-final round to present oral argument before the Florida First District Court of Appeal on April 1, with the top two teams advancing to oral arguments in the final round before the Florida Supreme Court on April 2. Information on the winning team and the awards given for best brief and best oralist can be found in the separate press release about this year’s competition. Next year, the LREC’s goal is to expand the competition to include more teams in the oral argument round in each of the district courts of appeal. The committee includes a special thank you to all of the judges who volunteered their time to be a part of the oral argument sessions, both at the Florida district courts of appeal and at the Florida Supreme Court.
The committee also continues to work on The Florida Bar’s Legal Survival Guide: Florida Laws You Should Know project. The Legal Survival Guide is a website that features answers to frequently asked questions on topics like police encounters, criminal charges, driving laws, substance abuse laws, employment laws, family laws, self-defense laws, citizenship laws, and how the Florida court system is organized. Information in the guide is written in plain language and breaks down complicated legal concepts so that young people understand the laws that will have an impact on their adult lives. With the assistance of our consultant, Sachs Media, the LREC continues to draft new content for the website based on search engine optimization. Sachs Media also provides regular reporting on the performance analytics of the site. James Young and Meline Buncome lead the subcommittee responsible for making rolling updates to the content on the website, so every section of the site remains current and reflects any new or major changes in the laws resulting from legislative action or judicial interpretation. This year the Legal Survival Guide Subcommittee published two blog posts on the website: “Two Bad Ideas: Fake IDs and Underage Drinking (LSG)” and “Social Media’s Impact on Modern Life & Legal Proceedings.” LREC members are in the process of drafting additional blog posts on frequently searched topics of Florida law.
To support and reinforce the work of the Legal Survival Guide Subcommittee, the Social Media Subcommittee coordinates the drafting of content for social media posts on the LREC’s Facebook and Instagram pages that also promotes the Legal Survival Guide. The subcommittee members drafted content that is consistently creative and informative. The Florida Bar Communications staff has provided the graphics to accompany the captions. Sachs Media created ads that boost the performance of the social media accounts and track the user engagement with the posts.
I greatly appreciate the members who have stepped up to volunteer their time to work on this committee’s multiple projects. The leadership of Vice Chairs Jessica Travis and Michael Hopkins, as well as the subcommittee chairs has been exemplary. I look forward to working with the incoming committee chair and vice chairs to continue the growth of the Moot Court Competition during my last year on the LREC. I also thank The Florida Bar committee staff liaisons, Nellie Louis and Jennifer Krell Davis, who have helped keep the committee members engaged and provided me with guidance during the Moot Court Competition. I thank Florida Bar President Roland Sanchez-Medina, Jr., for giving me opportunity to serve on the LREC and for allowing me the honor to lead as chair. I have thoroughly enjoyed being a part of this committee and I am excited to see the future accomplishments of the LREC.
Judge Stephen Jewett, Chair
Legal Needs of Children
With substantial progress having been made to several of the recommendations of The Florida Bar’s Commission on the Legal Needs of Children, Final Report of June 2002, the Legal Needs of Children Committee (LNOCC) has embarked on new challenges to remain true to our mission to advance the legal needs of children. As part of those efforts, the LNOCC has organized its work into three subcommittees in which the bulk of the committee’s work has been completed: the Human Trafficking Subcommittee, the Dually Served Youth Subcommittee, and the Juvenile Training/Certification Subcommittee.
In the Human Trafficking Subcommittee, a robust draft of a practice guide to assist attorneys and other practitioners in advocating for children, families, victims, and others affected by human trafficking during or through court proceedings has been completed through the efforts of several committee members sharing their experience and expertise in this area. But with the goal of producing a guide on par with other completed by the LNOCC in years past such as those to enhance the advocacy for attorneys who represent children in delinquency proceedings and dependency proceedings, these efforts continue in earnest and the LNOCC welcomes and invites input from the larger legal community on this endeavor.
In the Dually Served Youth (children with dependency and delinquency cases) Subcommittee, the committee has been working to identify gaps in the existing service array for this population of youth.To that end, the subcommittee has collaborated with agency stakeholders to determine what these needs are whilst also coordinating a training available to the Bar regarding resources available that may help these and other youths in crisis. The subcommittee also is wrapping up an update to the practice guidelines for delinquency practitioners, which was last updated by the LNOCC in 2014.
In the Juvenile Training/Certification Subcommittee, the LNOCC has been able to draw on the expertise of its members to survey, categorize, and synthesize the critical subject matters necessary for legal advocates for children to become board certified in juvenile law. After completing this work, the next step for the subcommittee will be to put together a virtual training geared towards juvenile certification that will be accessible to all attorneys representing children.
Beyond these subcommittees, the LNOCC has begun efforts to work with the Office of State Courts Administrator (OSCA) with the aim of enhancing the training available to new judicial officers, especially in light of the sensitive work involved with children in the legal arena. Though such efforts are still in the planning stages, the LNOCC is grateful for the willingness of OSCA to partner with the committee in this work.
None of this could have been completed however, without the dedication of all of our members with whom I have had the pleasure of serving with this past year. A special measure of gratitude is owed to Vice Chairs Kristen Solomon, David Silverstein, and Timothy Beasley, along with Juvenile Training/Certification Subcommittee chair Alicia Guerra given their tireless efforts in the critical work of the committee regardless of their own commitments; to Amy Farrior, the committee’s liaison to The Florida Bar Board of Governors, for her wisdom and assistance to the committee; and finally, to our Bar liaison, Rick Courtemanche, whose wealth of knowledge and deft guidance have been invaluable to us all. It has been an honor and a pleasure to serve.
Matthew Charles Wilson, Chair
Media and Communications Law
The mission of the Media and Communications Law Committee (MCLC) is to facilitate the exchange of factual and legal information, about the roles of America’s lawyers, judges, and elected officials, and the importance of protections for free speech and communication, conducted through print, broadcast, cable, internet, and emerging technologies, in furthering public understanding of our institutions of government and matters of public concern. The MCLC seeks to enhance the collegiality among members of the Bar and journalists and to serve as an active bridge for communication on topics of mutual interest and concern.
So far this year, the committee has held two successful all-member meetings as well as many subcommittee meetings to continue work on various committee projects. A third committee meeting is planned in conjunction with the 2025 Annual Florida Bar Convention. The committee continues to help support the annual Reporters’ Workshop with The Florida Bar and Florida Supreme Court, produce and update the virtual Reporters’ Handbook, coordinate the annual Parker Thomson Awards for Outstanding Legal Journalism in Florida and the Susan Spencer-Wendel Lifetime Achievement Award for contribution to the state of Florida through journalism, and host the annual First Amendment and the U.S. Supreme Court seminar at the Annual Florida Bar Convention.
The 2024-25 fiscal year started off strong with planning an impactful Reporter’s Workshop. However, Hurricane Milton arrived and was forecast to impact many of the panelists and attendees, so the in-person event was canceled with a plan to host some of the programming as virtual events. In February 2025, the High-Profile Case Study: Marsy’s Law Panel was conducted on Zoom and had 134 viewers.
Planning for the 2025 Reporters’ Workshop is underway and is tentatively scheduled for November 2025.
The committee has continued their regular review of the Reporters’ Handbook, a resource guide for members of the media and attorneys about topics in the legal profession, principally authored by the MCLC. The handbook serves as an important resource to assist journalists in quickly and easily obtaining information. Articles are updated on a rolling basis so that topics in need of revision can be timely addressed and updated.
Each year, the committee also coordinates the annual Parker Thomson Awards for Outstanding Legal Journalism in Florida. Qualified entries for the Parker Thomson Awards cover materials published or produced between Jan. 1, 2024, and Dec. 31, 2024, and consist of stories that highlight the system of law and justice as it affects Floridians. Entry categories include print, television, radio, and online-only. The committee approved expanding the criteria for the awards to include podcast entries in the radio category and to clarify that media outlets can submit entries any appropriate category according to the medium used, even if not their traditional medium. The committee also presents the annual Susan Spencer-Wendel Lifetime Achievement Award, honoring a retired or working journalist who has written or reported extensively to educate the public on Florida’s legal and justice systems. Annual award winners receive a cash prize and a plaque honoring their work. Nominations for both awards opened in March and will be presented at the Florida Media Conference, taking place in Orlando.
Finally, former MCLC Chair David Karp will serve as moderator again this year at the MCLC’s annual 1st Amendment and the U.S. Supreme Court seminar, planned for June 26, 2025, at the 2025 Annual Florida Bar Convention in Boca Raton. The popular annual seminar will review U.S. Supreme Court first amendment cases from the past year as well as discuss upcoming cases for the 2025 term and features a superstar panel of justices, judges, attorneys, and legal experts.
In closing, I thank the committee for its hard work and commitment over the past year. Without the participation, guidance, and engagement of our members and Florida Bar staff, the continued work of the committee could not have been accomplished. It has been my honor and privilege to serve as chair.
Mark R. Caramanica, Chair
Member Benefits
The mission of the Member Benefits Committee is to review and evaluate existing member benefit programs for Florida Bar members, evaluate potential new programs and services offered to The Florida Bar for members, and to make recommendations to the Board of Governors on changes or additions to existing member benefits and the overall benefits program. The committee is responsible for ensuring recommendations from the Member Benefits Committee to the Board of Governors for new additions to The Florida Bar Member Benefits Program are for products and services that are germane to the regulation of the legal profession and the improvement of legal services. Fourteen active members of The Florida Bar serve as appointed members to the committee and the committee meets at least three times annually in conjunction with The Florida Bar’s major meetings.
The Florida Bar Member Benefits Program includes products and services specifically discounted for Florida Bar members. There are approximately 70 approved member benefit providers in a variety of categories including: financial services, internet marketing, insurance, legal forms, legal publications, legal research, trust accounting, practice resources and software, shipping, and travel.
During the past year, the committee worked diligently to monitor existing approved providers and review potential new member benefit proposals. The committee reviewed a variety of proposals and heard several presentations and demonstrations from potential Bar member benefit providers during the 2024-2025 fiscal year and approved two new member benefits for recommendation to the Board of Governors. Among the new benefits approved by the committee this year are ADR Support, a full-service administrative support and management service for civil mediators, and PATLive virtual receptionist service. The full offering of approved benefits can be viewed at Member Benefits at a Glance.
The committee will review three to four additional potential member benefit proposals during the June 2025 meeting of the Member Benefits Committee during the 2025 Annual Florida Bar Convention in Boca Raton. Chair Danielle Spradley encourages Bar members to visit The Florida Bar Member Benefits Program to take advantage of the wide array of discounted professional and personal services offered to Bar members through The Florida Bar member benefits program.
Danielle Spradley, Chair
Mentoring New Lawyers
The mission of the Committee on Mentoring New Lawyers is to implement a mentoring program focused on improving the quality of legal services by providing lawyers with guidance from more experienced lawyers to enhance their professional well-being; practice, professionalism and career advice; and a practice resource. The committee had a highly successful 2024-2025 Bar year. The year began with a review of MentorcliQ data, revealing impressive results: The mentoring program, “Counsel to Counsel,” earned a 4.6 out of 5 rating for relationship satisfaction and a 4.4 out of 5 rating for overall program satisfaction, with participants logging over 1,600 hours of mentorship.
For its second year, the program featured an open enrollment period from August 1 to October 4, 2024, ensuring that those who received their Bar results in mid-September had the opportunity to join. This cycle introduced several key improvements, including: 1) Enhanced mentor/mentee profiles by incorporating section membership; 2) Greater emphasis on geographical location for better pairings; 3) Less emphasis on practice area to encourage broader connections.
To launch the new mentoring cycle, the committee hosted an orientation via Zoom, covering mentor/mentee expectations, a walkthrough of MentorcliQ, and breakout sessions for Q&A. The session was recorded and made available on the MentorcliQ platform for future reference.
The program has grown significantly, with 537 participants and 480 matches — a 38% increase in enrollment from the first cycle.
Thanks to Vice Chair Jason Berger and committee members Grasford Smith, Jr., Winifred Acosta, Caroleen Brej, Daniel Buigas, Bradley Crocker, Keith Konkle, Simone Marstiller, Elizabeth McCausland, Honorable Katherine Hurst Miller, Baris Okcular, Jacqueline Simms-Petredis, Sharlene Stanford, Ashley Tulloch, Mindi Wells, and Ciara Willis.
A special thank you to our Bar staff liaison, Ms. Katie Jones, whose hard work and support was indispensable to our work throughout this past year.
Ashley N. Sybesma, Chair
Pro Bono Legal Services
During The Florida Bar year 2024-25, the Pro Bono Legal Services Committee worked on a number of initiatives and projects. During this past Bar year, the following is what the busy committee has been doing the following.
During the 2023-24 Bar year, the committee launched its Judicial Advisory Council (JAC), comprising 12 judicial officers at various levels of the state and federal judiciary who were tasked with gathering information regarding unmet legal needs of underserved Floridians from the perspective of the judiciary and sharing this information and potential solutions to the issues they identify, including initiatives and ideas for pro bono programs and projects that council members learn of in their geographic and judicial office communities. The inaugural JAC was chaired by U.S. District Court Judge Patricia Seitz, a former Florida Bar president. During the 2024-2025 Bar year, Judge Seitz transitioned to chair emeritus of the JAC and U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Jay Brown assumed the role of chair of the JAC. The committee thanks Judge Seitz for her work launching the JAC and is pleased that she will continue to serve on the JAC. The JAC’s important work continued during this Bar year under Judge Brown’s leadership. We are extremely grateful to the 2024-25 JAC members for their service: Judge Jacob A. Brown, U.S. Bankruptcy Judge, Middle District of Florida, chair; Judge Wendy J. DePaul, Circuit Judge for the 13th Judicial Circuit; Judge Steven M. Fahlgren, Circuit Judge for the Fourth Judicial Circuit; Judge Samantha Schosberg Feuer, Circuit Judge for the 15th Judicial Circuit; Judge Laurel Myerson Isicoff, U.S. Bankruptcy Judge, Southern District of Florida, committee liaison; Judge Scott D. Makar, Judge, Fifth District Court of Appeal; Judge Stefanie C. Moon, Circuit Judge for the 17th Judicial Circuit; Judge Mary Alice Nardella, Sixth District Court of Appeal; Judge Eric J. Netcher, Circuit Judge for the Ninth Judicial Circuit; Judge Patricia A. Seitz, U.S. District Judge, Southern District of Florida; Judge Leslie K. Schultz-Kin, Hillsborough County Court Judge; Judge Suzanne Van Wyk, Administrative Law Judge, Florida Division of Administrative Hearings; and Judge Charles E. Williams, Circuit Judge for the 12th Judicial Circuit.
The committee is pleased to announce that the Florida Supreme Court amended Rule 6-10.3 of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar to permit Florida Bar members to receive 1 general CLE credit hour for each hour of pro bono service as defined by the rules, not to exceed 5 CLE credit hours for each three-hour reporting cycle. The amendment to Rule 6-10.3 became effective on December 30, 2024.
Under the leadership of Jayme Cassidy, the committee’s Toolkit Task Force finalized its best-practices limited-scope representation tool-kit for submission to the Lawyer Regulation Department. The Toolkit is available at https://www-media.floridabar.org/uploads/2024/12/ADA-Final-Approved-The-Florida-Bar-Standing-Committee-Pro-Bono-Toolkit-for-Limited-Scope-Representation-jdg-and-ect-edits-10-23-24-002.pdf.
The committee’s Rules Subcommittee, co-chaired by Donny MacKenzie and Jeff Harvey, commenced their review of the results of information gathered by the Bar’s Wm. Reece Smith, Jr., Leadership Academy regarding the pro bono rules of other states and territories to gather ideas for improvements to Florida’s rule and bring any suggestions for recommendations of rule amendments to the full committee.
Through its Law Firm Subcommittee, headed by Samantha Howell, the committee agreed to review the update of the widely-touted Best Practices Guide for A Firm Pro Bono Policy, originally produced by the Bar’s Business Law Section (BLS) 10 years ago, once the BLS has finished its update.
The committee’s Circuit Subcommittee, co-chaired by Judge Mary Allice Nardella and Thomasina Moore, continued to monitor reporting by the circuit pro bono committees and work to facilitate the sharing of best practices among the circuit committees.
The committee continued to monitor and coordinate the hugely successful Florida Free Legal Answers, Florida’s version of the American Bar Association program. Florida is third in volunteer attorneys (out of 44 participating jurisdictions providing service), with 1,183 volunteers as of this writing. Florida’s statistics for calendar year 2024: 1) Total volunteer attorneys: 1,188; 2) total Client accounts: 7,283; 3) total questions asked: 6,417; 4) total questions answered: 1,330; 5) overall answer rate: 21%; and 6) number of clients served: 1,278.
Florida Free Legal Answers also connects individuals in need with online intake programs run by various legal service providers throughout the state. By partnering with the providers, this next level of help provides the customers with even more access to free legal service.
The committee continued to monitor the status of its prior recommendation to the Bar that the private profile portal of each Bar member include the number of pro bono hours and monetary donations reported on the member’s annual Bar membership renewal form, starting with reports from five years ago. The proposed change would give members a non-public visual cue of how much (or little) pro bono service and support they have given. The Bar’s IT Department is reviewing the recommendation to see if it is technologically feasible to implement.
The committee continued to monitor the implementation of the committee’s recommendation to revise the questions on the Bar’s annual membership fee statement concerning the Rule 4-6.1 pro bono reporting requirement.
The committee continued to promote the distribution and viewing of the new One Promise campaign videos that were produced in the prior Bar year. The videos make the case for both the importance of pro bono work and how gratifying the work is. The committee asks all Bar sections and committees to show one of the videos at a meeting during Bar year 2025-26. Additionally, the committee urges all local bar organizations, committees, and Inns of Court to display one of the videos annually at an upcoming meeting. The videos are available at this site: https://thefloridabarfoundation.org/one-promise/ (the general video is at the top; scroll down to see versions for emeritus and young lawyers).
The committee continued to monitor Florida’s pro bono reporting compliance and trends in hours performed and monetary contributions compared with past years’ data. The committee notes that the 2023-2024 data show 1,722,238 hours reported and $11,675,551 in contributions; both hours and monetary donations increased over the prior Bar year.
The committee continued its project to update and digitize the Circuit Pro Bono Committee Chair Handbook for dissemination to CPBC chairs.
The committee thanks its subcommittee chairs, all mentioned above, and the JAC for their creative work during the past year.
The committee is grateful for the express recognition by Bar President Roland Sanchez-Medina, Jr., and President-Elect Rosalyn Sia Baker-Barnes of the committee’s essential work in the pro bono sphere. The committee thanks Diana Kellogg for her exceptional service to us as our Bar staff liaison who keeps the committee on track with our many initiatives.
Kathleen S. McLeroy & Judge Catherine Peek McEwen, Co-Chairs
Professional Ethics
The Professional Ethics Committee is responsible for providing guidance to Bar members on the Rules of Professional Conduct. Formal committee opinions are available on the Bar’s website. The committee also provides informational packets and topical information on the website. A link to “Rules, Ethics, and Professionalism” is at the top of every page of the website. This link leads to a landing page with a link to the main Ethics page. The Ethics page includes links for Formal Ethics Opinions by subject and by number, the Rules of Professional Conduct, Informational Packets, Bar News and Journal articles on ethics issues, and other topical information relating to lawyer ethics.
The committee is staffed by the Bar’s Ethics Department. The Bar’s ethics attorneys research and draft informal written staff opinions and maintain the toll-free Ethics Hotline for Bar members. The committee reviews informal written opinions issued by the Bar’s ethics attorneys and reconsiders them sua sponte if the committee deems it appropriate or if the inquiring attorney seeks review of an informal staff opinion. In addition, the committee sponsors an annual ethics seminar held during the Annual Florida Bar Convention. The committee met three times this year to consider a variety of ethics issues.
Formal Advisory Opinion Procedures: The Florida Bar Procedures for Ruling on Questions of Ethics govern the process by which the Bar’s ethics attorneys issue informal oral and written staff opinions and by which the committee issues formal opinions. The committee may issue formal opinions on review of staff opinions and existing formal opinions. Additionally, the Board of Governors of The Florida Bar may request that the committee issue a formal opinion concerning the application of the ethics rules to certain facts. When issuing proposed formal opinions, the committee publishes an official notice in The Florida Bar News and on The Florida Bar’s website, inviting bar members to comment. The committee values the input provided by these comments and encourages Bar members to comment on proposed ethics opinions.
Final Advisory Opinion: Advisory Opinion 00-4 (Reconsideration) — Advisory Opinion 00-4 (Reconsideration) became final. This opinion provides updated guidance to lawyers about online practice. The updated guidance includes the lawyers’ obligations to protect client confidentiality with encryption when communicating via email, to make reasonable efforts to prevent the inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, to keep up with their technological competence, and to properly supervise other lawyers and nonlawyers in the firm.
Review of Written Staff Advisory Opinions: At its meetings, the committee reviews written staff advisory opinions and denials of staff opinions in response to inquiries submitted by the lawyers. The committee withdrew a staff opinion as moot upon request from the Bar staff and the lawyer for the inquiring lawyer in light of subsequent guidance from The Florida Bar’s Attorney Consumer Assistance Program. In another inquiry, the committee affirmed staff’s denial of a staff opinion as to a matter that was the subject of pending litigation.
Other Committee Action: Proposed Advisory Opinion 10-2 (Rec.) Withdrawn — The committee considered proposed revisions to Florida Ethics Opinion 10-2 suggested by the Cybersecurity and Privacy Law Committee. Florida Ethics Opinion 10-2 addresses a lawyer’s use of devices such as printers, copiers, scanners and facsimile machines that store information and the lawyer’s duty to take reasonable steps to ensure that client confidentiality is maintained when using such devices, including making sure that the devise is sanitized before its disposition. The committee considered the proposed revisions and published Proposed Advisory Opinion 10-2 (Reconsideration) for comment. A subcommittee was formed to consider Florida Ethics Opinion 10-2, the proposed modifications, and the comments received. After considering the subcommittee’s report and recommendation, the committee voted to withdraw Proposed Advisory Opinion 10-2, leaving the original opinion unchanged.
Lawyers’ Use of Listservs — The committee is currently considering whether to issue an opinion addressing a lawyer’s ethical duties when participating in listservs and discussions in online groups regarding client matters, including the duty of confidentiality. If a draft proposed advisory opinion is adopted, it will be published for comment in The Florida Bar News and on The Florida Bar’s website.
Rule 4-8.6(c) — The committee formed a subcommittee to consider the Board Review Committee’s proposed amendments to Rule 4-8.6(c). The full committee voted to adopt the subcommittee’s recommendations. The recommendations were made to the Board of Governors.
Masters Seminar on Ethics: The committee’s yearly CLE program addresses ethical issues of great significance to Bar members at the Annual Florida Bar Convention in June. Carolina Saavedra chairs the Seminar Subcommittee. The other members of the subcommittee are Emily K. Balter, James Bell, Christie Marie Letarte, and Alexis Rosenberg. Seminar attendees will earn 4.0 hours of general CLE credit (4.0 Ethics/1.0 Technology). The 2024 Masters Seminar on Ethics will include a presentation regarding the disciplinary process and current trends in disciplinary cases. The seminar will also include a panel of experienced lawyers discussing how ethical issues have changed over the years, current ethical issues and potential future ethical issues. There will also be a technology presentation regarding generative artificial intelligence. The seminar will conclude with a judicial panel featuring experienced judges discussing the ethical issues that have occurred in their courtrooms and how they addressed those issues.
Informal Advisory Ethics Opinions Service: The advisory ethics opinion process continues to rate as among the most desirable services on membership surveys. The committee is committed to providing ethics guidance to Bar members. The committee thanks the staff members of the Ethics Department for providing such guidance throughout the year. For fiscal year 2023-2024, staff had another busy year on the Ethics Hotline, handling 19,962 hotline calls, in addition to providing written staff opinions and other ethics correspondence.
Finally, the committee thanks our Board of Governors liaison, Michael J. Gelfand; Ethics and Consumer Protection Division Director Gypsy Bailey; Ethics Counsel Jonathan Grabb; Assistant Ethics Counsels Valerie Blocker, Joy A. Bruner, Nick Cavallaro, Susan Gray, Jeffrey M. Hazen, Deanna Rahming, LiliJean Quintiliani; and Paralegal Donna Hostutler. Without the participation, guidance, experience and hard work of these individuals, the business of this committee could not be accomplished.
Jason Hunter Korn, Chair
Professionalism
The Florida Bar Standing Committee on Professionalism (SCOP) is a permanent and long-standing committee under the umbrella of The Florida Bar’s Henry Latimer Center for Professionalism. Through its working groups, SCOP assists the center “to promote the fundamental ideals and values of the justice system within the legal system and to instill those ideals of character, competence, commitment, and civility in all those persons serving and seeking to serve therein.” The ideals and values are promoted by SCOP’s 40 members, who include judges and attorneys throughout Florida, who donate significant time to their work on professionalism.
This year, Abby M. Spears serves as chair of The Florida Bar Standing Committee on Professionalism, Rebecca Bandy serves as director of The Florida Bar Henry Latimer Center for Professionalism, and Katie Young serves as assistant director. Alongside each working group chair and the remaining members of SCOP, we continued the march towards promoting, instilling, and advocating professionalism and the ethical practice of law by providing numerous CLE offerings, blogs, podcasts, articles, and other resources aimed at educating the legal profession — law students, lawyers, and judges.
Awards Working Group: Led by Chair Chardean M. Hill, this working group is charged with soliciting and reviewing nominations, and ultimately selecting the recipient of professionalism awards in three categories. The William H. Hoeveler Judicial Professionalism Award recognizes an active judge who best exemplifies strength of character, service and competence as a jurist, lawyer, and public servant. The Group Professionalism Award recognizes a program instituted and coordinated by a bar association, judicial organization, inn of court, or law school organization aimed at enhancing professionalism among lawyers and law students. The Law Faculty/Administrator Professionalism Award recognizes a faculty member or administrator of one of Florida’s law schools who best exemplifies the mission of the committee. Nominations have been submitted and will be reviewed in March by this working group. Winners will be announced shortly thereafter and recognized at the Annual Florida Bar Convention Judicial Luncheon in June 2025.
Education and Resources Working Group: Led by Chair Dora Kaufman, this working group is charged with assisting the center with researching, developing, and implementing innovative programs to best share the center’s professionalism resources with all TFB members. In December 2024, the Education and Resources Working Group organized/hosted a well-attended (about 150 attendees) Webinar for the Henry Latimer Center for Professionalism, “Perspectives on Professionalism — From your Office to Tallahassee,” featuring Florida Supreme Court Justice Meredith Sasso, retired FLSC Justice Kenneth Bell, Timothy Chinaris, Esq. (Prof. Emeritus of Law at Belmont Univ. College of Law), and Kalinthia Dillard (general Counsel and deputy inspector general for Palm Beach County Office of Inspector general), as moderated by Dora Kaufman. That program was preceded by this working group’s well-attended May 2024 webinar, “2024 Perspectives on Professionalism,” and featuring U.S. Magistrate Judge Nicolas Mizell, Gary Lesser (former Florida Bar president), Broward Circuit Judge Fabienne Fahnestock, and Brian Tannebaum — with about 200 attendees. The working group has also successfully obtained Pro Tip Videos from members, and has compiled (and is continuing to gather) information and course materials on professionalism programs, as well as other events and awards around the state. At the January 2025 SCOP meeting, working group members selected specific local bar associations and other groups to serve as the point person for reaching out to compile additional recent information/materials.
Mental Health and Wellness Working Group: Led by Chair Jeffrey D. Harvey, this working group is tasked with aiding in the development and production of CLEs on mental health and wellness-related issues. The working group has been continuing its work from the 2023-2024 year.Specifically, the working group has been working to review the lesson plans and outlines for five CLEs that will be presented by two licensed mental health providers aimed at helping attorneys with basic skills and understanding of things that can impact mental health. The five areas are Work-life Balance, Building Resilience, Dealing with Burnout, Stress Management Techniques, and Effective Communication (to reduce, minimize and work through conflict stressors). The working group plans to have the CLEs recorded via Zoom and published and distributed by The Florida Bar.
Mentoring Initiatives Working Group: Led by Chair Joe Longfellow III, this working group has been working on the creation of two presentations. The first one is a one-hour podcast on mentoring. This podcast is expected to feature a mentor and mentee, who will discuss their experiences and perspectives. The second presentation will be a Zoom panel discussion on mentoring and professionalism, which will include a judge, academic, and psychologist. The working group is also working on blog posts on their mentoring experiences.
Local Professionalism Panels (LPPs) Working Group: Led by Kara R. Link, this working group was charged with reviewing SC2023-0884; hosting an LPP Summit by November 2024 in compliance with SC2023-0884, and compiling minutes, data, and forms following said Summit; reviewing LPP training materials and provide feedback and additional ideas and content to Bar staff; helping to ensure that the Center’s contact list for LPPs and chief judges are updated (occurs July 1, 2025); and helping to collect LPP reporting forms in compliance with the order. The working group changed the name of “LPP Summit” to “Statewide LPP Required Meeting” to track SC2023-0884’s use of the term “Required Meeting” and to connote the statewide reach. The Required Meeting took place on November 18, 2024, by Zoom and contained 4 components: 1) inspiration and education through a presentation of the Professionalism Expectations and Standards by Judge Carolyn Bell; 2) Peaks and Pitfalls of the LPP Administrative Order presented by LPP and SCOP Member Jodi Colton; 3) three Breakout Groups to enable greater sharing of information by the LPP chairs from all 20 circuits; and 4) Report Back to Entire Group by the Breakout Groups’ moderators. A summary was prepared by SCOP Chair Abby Spears, which was distributed back to the LPP chairs. The working group is in the process of preparing a report back to the Supreme Court summarizing the successful completion of the Mandatory Meeting and compliance with SC2023-0884.
Artificial Intelligence Working Group: Led by Chair Kristina Feher, this working group is tasked with reviewing current information and trends related to AI and the law. The working group is working on creating a resource guide for lawyers and law students that will be posted to the center’s website, and working on hosting a CLE on the use of AI by lawyers and judges.
Sincere Thanks and Appreciation: To the 40 members of the committee, and Vice Chair Judge Carolyn Bell; center Director Rebecca Bandy, Assistant Director Katie Young, Program Coordinator Eve Alvarez; Florida Bar President Roland Sanchez-Medina, Jr., and our working group chairs (Kristina Feher, Chardean Hill, Dora Kaufman, Kara Link, Jeffrey Harvey, and Joe Longfellow, III), I extend my deepest gratitude for the tireless work you have done and will continue to do towards emphasizing professionalism in Florida. It has been my absolute honor and pleasure serving as your chair of The Florida Bar Standing Committee on Professionalism for the 2024-2025 year.
Abby M. Spears, Chair
Real Estate Certification
The Real Estate Certification Committee has had a dynamic and productive year, continuing its commitment to upholding the highest standards of professionalism and expertise in real estate law. As chair of the committee, I am pleased to present this annual report, highlighting our key activities, achievements, and ongoing efforts to enhance the certification process.
The strength of our committee lies in its members, who bring extensive knowledge and passion to the certification process. This year, I have had the privilege of serving as chair, alongside Vice Chair Ashley Rogers and Immediate Past Chair Ofonedu-Ime Goodwyn. Our committee also includes esteemed members from various regions across Florida: Kenneth Bohannon, Barbara Garcia, Leslie Hudock, Jacqueline Marzan, James Morey, Robert M. Schwartz, W. Jeffry Stein, and David Willis. We are also grateful for the guidance of our Board of Legal Specialization and Education (BLSE) liaison, Howard Allen Cohen, and the invaluable support of our certification specialist, Nathan McClure.
Since its establishment in 1986, the Real Estate Certification Program has been a benchmark for excellence within The Florida Bar. Board certification is a prestigious designation, recognizing attorneys who have demonstrated exceptional competence, professionalism, and ethical standards. Currently, there are 5,080 board-certified specialists in Florida, with 418 holding certification in real estate law. This impressive number underscores the significance of this specialization in the legal landscape.
Our committee’s primary responsibility is to ensure that certification applicants meet rigorous standards. Each year the real estate committee receives three categories of applications. Each applicant is evaluated for experience, involvement, professionalism, and expertise. Ensuring that only the most qualified applicants moved forward in the process:
1) Initial Applicants: 28 attorneys applied for certification, aiming to earn the prestigious designation by passing the exam administered in May.
2) Recertification Applicants: 60 BCS real estate lawyers sought to maintain their designation, reaffirming their commitment to excellence.
3) Recertification Applicants from members of other committees: a certification committee cannot process recertification applications for its own members. This year the Real Estate Certification Committee processed three such recertification applications from other areas of specialization.
In addition to application review, the committee is responsible for developing the examination to measure the applicants’ expertise. Each member of the committee actively contributed to drafting and reviewing essays and multiple-choice questions. The exam content is then meticulously vetted by the committee body, exam consultant, and pre-testers. The review process ensures accuracy and fairness of the questions.
A significant milestone this year was the initial drafting of the minimally qualified candidate (MQC) definition. This ongoing effort will refine the standard for candidates seeking certification, ensuring consistency and fairness in evaluations.
Each year, the committee chair speaks at the Real Estate Certification Review Course presented by the Real Property, Probate and Trust Law Section. The chair speaks to attendees about the certification program and exam specifications and the grading process. The review course is an essential resource for applicants planning to sit for the upcoming exam.
Exam Structure and Evaluation: The certification exam remains the cornerstone of the certification process, assessing candidates on their legal expertise and analytical skills. The exam structure includes two three-hour sessions, with 45 multiple-choice questions, a homestead essay, a transaction-analysis essay, and six short essays. The grading process is thorough and anonymous, with multiple reviewers ensuring objective and accurate scoring. The passing score is set at 252 points, equivalent to 70%.
Each year’s examination covers statutory and caselaw in effect as of December 31 of the prior year, maintaining relevance and rigor in testing. While not all candidates pass the exam on their first attempt, they often find success in the following year. The committee regularly receives feedback that the process of preparing for the exam makes every applicant a better real estate lawyer.
One of our key missions is to encourage more real estate attorneys to pursue board certification. This distinction enhances professional credibility, sets attorneys apart in the legal community, and signals an elevated level of expertise to clients and peers alike. We actively invite board-certified specialists to join our committee, offering them an opportunity to contribute to the certification process while earning 15 CLE credits.
Acknowledgments: This year’s successes would not have been possible without the unwavering dedication of our committee members, whose expertise and hard work ensured the integrity of the certification process.
We extend our heartfelt gratitude to our exam pre-testers: Jennifer Barrow, Stephanie Emrick, Linda Larrea, Aileen Ortega, and Anthony Velardi, for their invaluable contributions in refining the examination.
A special thanks to Howard Allen Cohen, our BLSE liaison, whose guidance has been instrumental throughout the year.
Finally, we express our deepest appreciation to Nathan McClure, our certification specialist. His knowledge, dedication, and administrative support have been crucial in ensuring the smooth operation of the certification program.
As we move forward, the committee remains committed to upholding the highest standards of fairness in evaluating the applicants’ qualifications, peer reviews and examination results. We will continue refining our processes, encouraging new applicants, and ensuring that real estate certification remains a mark of excellence in the legal profession.
It has been an honor to lead this team of committed volunteers as we pursue growth and success in our certification program.
Rebecca L.A. Wood, Chair
Rules of General Practice and Judicial Administration
The Rules of General Practice and Judicial Administration Committee consists of 53 members, some of whom are representatives of the other rules committees, the board of governors, and the clerks of court. The committee is responsible for rules amendments to this set of rules as well as serving as the central rules coordinating committee.
The committee has had another busy year. There are 10 subcommittees, all with at least one currently active matter. Some issues are re-writes for clarity and consistency with other rules, while others are large substantive issues like the contents of an order of disqualification under Rule 2.330, procedures for depositions taken by audio-visual communication technology under Rule 2.530, types of signatures allowed under Rule 2.515, and consideration of the addition of Rule 11-type sanctions in Rule 2.515.
One report to the court has been filed. On December 13, 2024, a report to amend Rules 2.215, 2.265, and 2.430 was filed with the Florida Supreme Court (FSC). Rule 2.215 removes “recording” and replaces it with “must publish” court rules and administrative orders on their website. Rule 2.265 deletes subdivision (c) regarding the collection of outstanding fines. Rule 2.430 changes “permanently recorded records” to “electronic records” throughout. Subdivision (c) of Rule 2.430 edits the retention schedule for clarity.
Several reports that were filed in the previous year were ruled on and became effective this year. On September 21, 2023, a rules package with amendments aimed at making the rules easier to use by self-represented litigants was filed (SC2023-1321). The FSC adopted the amendments proposed by the committee on August 29, 2024, effective January 1, 2025.
On October 5, 2023, a report to amend Rule 2.140 on the process to amend court rules was filed (SC2023-1373). This report is intended to streamline and expedite that process based on recommendations from Elisabeth Kiel’s Report on Court Rules Committees. The FSC adopted amendments to remove the requirement for publishing in the print News, to remove the Board of Governors vote and treat them instead as commenters, and to require all no-action reports be sent to the clerk of the Supreme Court. The amendments are effective April 1, 2025.
In addition, on October 11, 2023, the committee filed a comprehensive rules package to update the rules regarding electronic filing based on advances in technology and to align them with current practices (SC2023-1401). Two comments were received to that report, and the committee responded by adopting revisions suggested by the commenters and proposing those changes to the supreme court. This is still pending.
In its role as the central rules coordinating committee, all other court rules committees send their committee’s approved amendments to us for review and determination if the proposed amendment affects any other committee’s rules. The liaison subcommittee has reviewed rules from almost every other rules committee this year.
My year of service as chair was a rewarding one, and one that went smoothly because of the demonstrated commitment of the committee’s members and their willingness to roll up their sleeves and take on fairly complex topics. I thank all of the committee members for their hard work. I specifically acknowledge and commend the committee leadership: Michael Robert Ufferman, vice chair and subcommittee chair; Siobhan Earlyn Pennington Grant, vice chair; and subcommittee Chairs Gregory Borgognoni, Jean Sperbeck, Keith Park, Michael Debski, Jeffrey S. Goethe, Jason Blank, Lydia Zbrzeznj, Tom Hall, and Martin Alexander; and Sandy Solomon, who acted as our liaison to the FCTC. The committee also greatly appreciates Justice Meredith L. Sasso, our liaison to the justices of the Florida Supreme Court; Alice Sum, our liaison to The Florida Bar Board of Governors; and Judge John Tomasino, clerk of the Florida Supreme Court. Lastly, personally and on behalf of the committee I extend many thanks to Bar staff, Elizabeth Clark Tarbert and Kelly N. Smith, who are accomplished attorneys who draft our filings, oversee the process, and keep the committee running like a well-oiled machine. The work could not be done without their extensive efforts and sage guidance.
Judge Santo DiGangi, Chair
Senior Lawyers
The Senior Lawyers Committee (SLC) works to serve the interests and needs of the legal profession by fostering an interchange of ideas, sharing the accumulated knowledge and experience of its members, and addressing issues that are of particular significance to senior lawyers. The committee consists of Florida Bar members who are appointed after submitting The Florida Bar committee preference form. To serve on the committee you must be a Florida Bar member in good standing, pursuant to Bylaw 2-8.1. The committee preference form is online at The Florida Bar website each year from December 1 through January 15.
At the beginning of the year the SLC leadership consisted of Chair Arlene Udick, Vice Chair John Roman, and Vice Chair Colleen Sachs. Unfortunately for the committee, in January 2025 Chair Arlene Udick resigned. Her excellent leadership will be missed. John Roman became the chair for the remainder of her term. The SLC’s Board of Governors liaison is John Agnew. The Florida Bar staff for the SLC is Whitney R. Jobson.
Special Subcommittees of the SLC include the Retired Lawyers Inclusion Subcommittee co-chaired by Effie Maria Antonatos and John Roman, and the Accessibility Subcommittee chaired by Andromeda Monroe. standing subcommittees include the CLE Subcommittee, co-chaired by Judge Stephanie R. Silver and Randi B. Starrett; the Newsletter Subcommittee, chaired by Andromeda Monroe; the Pro Bono Subcommittee, chaired by Randi B. Starrett; the Webpage Subcommittee, chaired by Andromeda Monroe; the Membership Focus Group chair is vacant; the Public Services/Advisory Subcommittee chair is vacant; and the 50-Year Member and Senior Counsel Luncheon Advisory Subcommittee, chaired by John Roman.
The SLC leadership met on August 12, 2024. The full committee met on November 21, 2024, and again on January 29, 2025. The full committee will meet in person at the Bar’s annual convention in June of 2025. Subcommittees meet at various dates as set by their chairs.
Andromeda Monroe, chair of the Accessibility Committee, reports that the SLC website has been revised to include the Bar’s contact person for those SLC members who need accommodation at an in-person SLC meeting.
The SLC through subcommittees maintains a webpage and an e-newsletter Experience Matters. On August 6, 2024, the SLC leadership received an email from Terry Hill, division director of Programs for the Bar stating in part, “In light of recent litigation and court decisions around the country pertaining to mandatory bars, concerns have arisen with some of the content included in previous Senior Lawyers Committee — Experience Matters newsletters. Going forward, it is important for newsletter content and content on Bar committee pages on the Bar website be limited to content that is germane to the regulation of the legal profession and the improvement of legal services. Existing committee newsletter and committee page information is being reviewed and may be updated or removed.” The Bar identified certain articles in the e-newsletter that needed to be removed based on the standard in Boudreaux v. Louisiana State Bar Association. In that case Judge Jerry E. Smith said the germaneness standard “requires inherent connection to the practice of law and not mere connection to a personal matter that might impact a person who is practicing law.” Chair Andromeda Monroe has done a tremendous amount of work attempting to obtain guidance from the Communications Department of the Bar on what type of articles can be included in the e-newsletter or posted on the SLC webpage based on this standard.
The Retired Lawyers Inclusion Subcommittee met on March 7, 2024, at which time a motion to request the Board of Governors (BOG) to reconsider and reevaluate the Bar’s current membership categories, the dues for those categories, and dues for senior or retired members was passed. Membership categories and their corresponding dues are a concern to senior lawyers. This motion was then presented on April 30, 2024, to the full SLC who voted to approve it. It was subsequently submitted to the Bar. The Retired Lawyers Inclusion Subcommittee then requested its members to submit examples of membership categories and the corresponding dues from the bars of other states. As reported during the January 29 meeting, the SLC is still waiting for feedback from the Bar on its motion.
The CLE Subcommittee hopes to present a free hour of CLE at the Bar’s annual convention in June of 2025, if not before. The co-chairs of the committee are working on a CLE that addresses AI issues.
The SLC as a service committee does not have internal operating rules. Chair John Roman presented to the committee during the January 29 meeting a set of draft rules or procedures for the committee’s consideration. Feedback from members was requested and the draft will be readdressed at the June annual convention to determine if the SLC wishes to adopt internal operating rules.
Another project for the SLC is to determine if certain subcommittees should be consolidated or eliminated.
The SLC will again assist in hosting the luncheon which honors 50-year members of The Florida Bar and senior counsel during the Bar’s annual convention in June of 2025. Valuable feedback from 50-year members who attended the 2024 luncheon will be incorporated in this year’s luncheon.
John D. Roman, Chair
Small Claims Rules
The Small Claims Rules Committee had another productive year, thanks to the active participation of its members. The committee currently consists of 25 members. We encourage participation in our committee and subcommittee meetings and welcome and value input from the public, including their comments and suggestions regarding the Florida Small Claims Rules.
Several proposals affecting the Small Claims Rules were reviewed and evaluated during the past year. A rules package was filed with the Court with proposed amendments to two rules (SC2024-1765). Specifically, in Rule 7.010, amendments add “these rules do not apply to an action that includes a claim for foreclosure.” The clerks have encountered issues with filing foreclosure cases as small claims matters. Some filers have found a “loophole” in the rules, allowing them to file a claim in small claims for breach of contract as count 1 and a foreclosure matter as count 2. This makes the filing fee less for the filer and simplifies the case requirements for the plaintiff while making it more difficult for clerks handling a foreclosure case on a shorter deadline with a lesser fee. In Rule 7.020, within subdivision (a), we proposed to add “(a)-.” There is a gap between the Rules of Civil Procedure and the Small Claims Rules, and the Small Claims Rules should relate back for the purposes of the statute of limitations if a cause of action has been amended.
There are three subcommittees, and all have active matters under consideration by the committee. Some issues are rewrites for clarity and consistency with other rules, while others are significant substantive issues like reconsidering the requirements for a small claim pretrial conference. This committee is also reviewing the Florida Supreme Court’s Committee on Alternative Dispute Resolution Rules and Policy proposal to add mediation procedures to Rule 7.090.
I am very grateful for the significant amount of time and effort invested by numerous members in ensuring that the Small Claims Rules continue to allow the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of small claims actions. On behalf of the committee, I sincerely thank Amanda Duffy, vice chair and subcommittee chair; Scott Stigall, Rules of General Practice and Judicial Administration liaison and Civil Rules Committee liaison; Amanda Rolfe, subcommittee chair; and Judge Tina L. Caraballo, subcommittee chair. I also extend our heartfelt appreciation to Kelly N. Smith, our Florida Bar Rules attorney liaison. The commitment and enthusiasm of each of you have made it an honor and privilege to lead this committee. I encourage all Florida attorneys to apply for appointments to the Small Claims Rules Committee, helping our citizens obtain justice in our Small Claims Courts.
Zoran Jovanovich, Chair
State and Federal Government and Administrative Practice Exam
In the past year, the State and Federal Government and Administrative Practice (SFGAP) Exam Committee has worked diligently to enhance exam quality, update resources and materials, and pursue its proposed rule revisions to recognize a wider range of qualifying administrative practice experience. The committee has also continued to collaborate with the Administrative Law Section to promote certification among administrative practitioners.
Currently, 70 lawyers hold SFGAP board certification. For the 2024-2025 certification cycle, the committee received six applications for initial certification and four applications for recertification.
Exam Review & Question Bank Development: This year, the committee undertook a detailed review of all exam questions, identifying many that needed revision or replacement. Despite the committee’s regular practice of drafting and submitting exam questions, it was discovered that a question bank was not maintained. The only SFGAP questions available were those used on the most recent exam.
To address this, the committee set out to construct a comprehensive question bank by recovering prior draft questions from personal records and developing new multiple-choice and essay questions.
All questions were then submitted to pre-testers and an exam consultant for evaluation. Their feedback was carefully reviewed and incorporated into the final exam revisions.
The committee has now established a functional question bank, including a reserve of unused questions and feedback for future development, that we trust will be maintained for the committee’s continued use.
Updated Study Guide & Exam Materials: In response to the recent exam revisions, the committee completed a new study guide to aid applicants in their exam preparation, with anticipated website publication in the coming weeks.
The committee also addressed the long-outdated exam materials provided to examinees for use during the exam. Examinees will now receive a current copy of the Florida Administrative Procedure Act during the 2025 exam.
Rule Amendment Progress: In 2023, the committee proposed amendments to the SFGAP governing rules, recognizing that the current requirements exclude a significant portion of administrative law practitioners.
Despite our persistent efforts, progress was limited until this fiscal year. In August 2024, the Board of Legal Specialization and Education (BLSE) approved the original submission of the proposed rule amendments. The amendments were then submitted to the Board of Governors, to be approved by several committees, including the Program Evaluation Committee, the Rules Committee, and the Budget Committee, before a first and second reading by the full Board of Governors.
In February 2025, the Rules Committee provided feedback regarding the amendments to the SFGAP committee, which our committee promptly addressed. The SFGAP rule amendments are now scheduled for final action at the Board of Governors’ March meeting. We are optimistic that the amendments will be approved, expanding board certification opportunities to a greater number of administrative law practitioners.
Moving Forward: We appreciate the dedication of our committee members and the support of our Bar liaison, Aubrey Walker, whose efforts were instrumental in these initiatives.
For more information about board certification in State and Federal Government and Administrative Practice, please visit The Florida Bar’s website or contact Aubrey Walker at 850-561-5768.
Megan S. Silver, Chair
Student Education and Admission to the Bar
The Florida Bar’s Student Education and Admission to the Bar Committee has had a productive year. Through the dedication of our members, we have advanced initiatives aimed at supporting law students, enhancing professionalism in the practice of law, and creating resources for newly admitted attorneys.
One of the most significant achievements of our committee this year was organizing and hosting a webinar on the timely topic of artificial intelligence and legal ethics. The program, “Attempted Intelligence: Ethical Considerations Surrounding the Use of AI,” was spearheaded by the Law School Professionalism Panels Working Group, which is chaired by our committee’s vice chair, Joseph Corsmeier. The webinar is approved for general and professionalism CLE credit, and it is available on demand on the Center for Professionalism’s webpage.
The Mentoring Initiatives Working Group likewise made significant progress in its charges of supporting law students and young lawyers. The group has been working on a “mentoring toolbox,” a comprehensive resource compiling mentoring initiatives offered by Florida law schools and other state bars. Once completed, the mentoring toolbox will be published on the Center for Professionalism’s webpage, providing easy access to valuable mentorship opportunities for law students and new attorneys.
The Law Student and New Lawyer Education and Resources Working Group has been working to create a video series to provide tips and advice to law students and new lawyers. Upon completion, the videos will be published on the Center for Professionalism’s webpage.
Our committee has maintained strong engagement throughout the year with successful Fall and Winter meetings held via Zoom. The high level of participation and enthusiasm demonstrated by our members has allowed the committee to collaborate, share ideas, and advance our initiatives. A special thank you to Vice Chair Joseph Corsmeier for his support and outstanding work throughout the year.
We are also grateful to Director Rebecca Bandy, Assistant Director Katie Jones, and Program Coordinator Eve Alvarez of the Henry Latimer Center for Professionalism. Finally, we appreciate the contributions of each and every committee member, whose efforts have made this year a success. Every project undertaken by this committee has been driven by the collective work of our members.
As we conclude this Bar year, our committee remains dedicated to supporting law students and new attorneys as they navigate their journey into the profession. It has been an honor to serve as chair of the Student Education and Admission to the Bar Committee for 2024-2025. The accomplishments of the committee are the product of dedicated lawyers, law school deans, and faculty members who are passionate about the success of law students and lawyers.
Iman Zekri, Chair
Tax Law Certification
It is with great pleasure, as the 2024-2025 chair of the Tax Law Certification Committee, that I submit this report. The committee is comprised of nine board certified tax law attorneys who practice throughout the state, including Curtis Cassner, Mitchell Goldberg, Kelly Hellmuth, Taso Milonas, Scott St. Amand, Christopher Weeg, Shawn Wolf, and Gerrard Grant.
Members of the committee are responsible for certifying attorneys recognized by The Florida Bar as tax law specialists, reviewing applications of current Florida Bar board certified tax attorneys seeking recertification, improving the tax certification examination, and reviewing and approving continuing legal education courses for tax law certification credit.
Generally, certification in tax law consists of four requirements: 1) having an active practice in tax law; 2) obtaining satisfactory peer review references; 3) meeting continuing legal education requirements in tax law; and 4) passing the certification examination.
The committee met periodically throughout the year to discuss the preparation of the certification exam and to review applications and recertification applications. Five attorneys applied to sit for the tax certification exam. The committee also reviewed 24 recertification applications. Of the more than 100,000 members of The Florida Bar, 164 are currently board certified in tax law.
One of the committee’s core objectives during this term was to improve the overall tax certification exam. The committee’s focus was to draft questions that tested an examinee’s understanding of frequently addressed tax concepts and issues facing practitioners involving all aspects of federal and state tax law.
Additionally, the committee worked with the Tax Section of The Florida Bar to increase exposure for the board certification exam in order to encourage more applicants to register for the exam and to better support the applicants in preparing for it. This included presenting a series of web-based CLEs on the general format of the exam as well as substantive CLEs on the core tax law topics that are covered by the exam. We have received encouraging feedback about the number of people who registered for and watched these CLEs, and we will continue to work with the Tax Section to expand the course offerings over the next year.
I would be remiss if I did not give a special shout-out to our staff liaison, Chyra Reynolds. Her commitment and dedication to our committee is immeasurable.
Brian R. Harris, Chair
Technology
The Standing Committee on Technology comprises 23 members with a stated interest in legal technology. The committee works closely with LegalFuel: The Practice Resource Center of The Florida Bar and the Board Technology Committee to ensure Florida lawyers have access to essential technology tools and educational resources related to practice management.
For the 2024-2025 Bar year, the committee is focused on developing technology-related continuing legal education (CLE) courses, reviewing and updating the technology resources on LegalFuel.com, and organizing the Annual Technology Symposium. The committee is chaired by Diane P. Perez (Diane Perez, P.A., Coral Gables), with Leslie A. Evans (Dinsmore & Shohl, LLP, Orlando) serving as vice chair.
This year, the committee’s primary focus has been the Annual Technology Symposium, which is chaired by Diane Perez and co-chaired by Anthony Palermo (Gulfport) and Philip Augustine (Lake Mary). The symposium is planned as a full-day event divided into two parts: artificial intelligence (AI) in legal practice and practice management technology. Speaker confirmations are well underway, with a diverse lineup of industry experts. The symposium has been selected as this year’s President’s Showcase.
In addition to the symposium, several subcommittees are advancing key initiatives. The Programming Subcommittee, chaired by Diane Perez, is organizing an AI webinar presented by committee member Kirsten K. Davis (Gulfport). The Practice Management Subcommittee, led by Leslie Evans, is overseeing a review of the Technology Section of the LegalFuel website to ensure it remains a valuable resource for Florida Bar members. The Member Benefits Subcommittee (ad hoc), chaired by Vanessa Ferguson (Ferguson Legal, PLLC, Tampa), is researching and evaluating new technology-related benefits for members.
We extend our sincere appreciation to the committee officers, members, and staff liaisons for their hard work and dedication. Their contributions are essential to the success of these initiatives, and we could not do it without them.
Diane P. Perez, Chair
Traffic Court Rules
The Traffic Court Rules Committee has successfully completed another productive year, diligently working to enhance and refine the Rules of Traffic Court to ensure clarity, fairness, and efficiency in Florida’s traffic adjudication system.
So far this year, the committee has approved three proposals to file with the Florida Supreme Court. The committee has proposed amendments that clarify the standard of proof for civil traffic infractions, require dispositions to contain the statutory citation for the offense and any fines or court costs imposed, and to clarify the rules regarding when civil traffic infractions are issued “in conjunction with” a criminal offense.
I extend my sincere appreciation to Vice Chair Rand Leiber and subcommittee Chairs Ted Hollander, David Haenel, Allyson Smith, and Thomas Wich for their exemplary leadership and dedication. Their efforts, along with the commitment of all committee members, have been instrumental in advancing our mission of continuous improvement in the Rules of Traffic Court.
Thank you to all who have contributed their time and expertise in service of this important work. Your dedication ensures that Florida’s traffic court system remains fair and efficient.
Mary Ann Etzler, Chair
Unlicensed Practice of Law
The standing committee and The Florida Bar UPL staff continued their efforts to protect the public from UPL. We approved litigation for permanent injunctive relief against individuals and businesses for holding themselves out as attorneys and providing legal services in immigration, family law, and probate matters. The standing committee also approved litigation for indirect criminal contempt against an individual for continuing to engage in the unlicensed practice of law after previously being enjoined by the Florida Supreme Court. So far this year, the court has provided injunctive relief in eleven cases and has ordered the payment of almost $22,000 in restitution to UPL victims.
We continue to receive complaints against out-of-state licensed lawyers for assisting individuals with Florida legal issues. Under the MJP (multijurisdictional practice of law) rules, out-of-state lawyers may provide limited legal services in Florida on a temporary basis under certain circumstances. The rules also subject out-of-state lawyers to the disciplinary authority of the Florida Supreme Court while providing those legal services. Thus, while out-of-state lawyers may not be engaged in the unlicensed practice of law if their activity falls within the rule, they can be disciplined for unethical conduct. The MJP rules also require out-of-state lawyers who appear in a Florida court or arbitration to file a copy of their pro hac vice motion and verified statement, respectively, with The Florida Bar. To check whether opposing counsel has complied with these filing requirements, you can contact the UPL Department at 850-561-5840.
Under Rule 10-9 of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, an individual or organization seeking guidance as to the applicability of the state’s prohibitions against the unlicensed practice of law may request a formal advisory opinion from the standing committee. After holding a public hearing to receive input from interested parties, the standing committee, at its discretion, may file a proposed formal advisory opinion with the Florida Supreme Court containing its interpretation of the law. The court then reviews the proposed opinion and can approve, modify, or disapprove the advisory opinion with the ensuing opinion having the force and effect of an order of the court. While the standing committee has not yet addressed a formal advisory opinion request this year, it anticipates receiving such request in the coming months.
As we conclude this year, I thank all the public members and lawyers on the standing committee for their dedicated service. It has been my sincere pleasure working with you. The standing committee gives a special thanks to the circuit committees; we know you are the unrecognized heart and soul of UPL enforcement for the Court. All committee members, who contribute their valuable time and energy in protecting the public, are especially appreciated.
I also thank and recognize Jeffrey Picker, UPL director; and UPL branch counsels Jacquelyn Needelman (Miami), Ali Vazquez (Ft. Lauderdale), Maria Torres (Tampa), Tanya Downs (Orlando), and their excellent support staff. These dedicated and hard-working public servants do an incredible job year after year.
It has been my honor and pleasure to work with you all.
Susan Papagikos, Chair
Voluntary Bar Liaison
In 2024-2025, Florida had nearly 300 voluntary bar associations, representing a wide range of thousands of community-driven lawyers across the state. The Voluntary Bar Liaison Committee serves as the bridge between The Florida Bar and these vital organizations, bringing together both attorney and executive director representatives to foster collaboration.
The committee’s mission is broad, impactful, and focused on empowering the voluntary bar community: 1) Enhancing communication between The Florida Bar and voluntary bar associations; 2) coordinating initiatives and programs that actively involve voluntary bar associations; 3) advising the Communications Department on public relations needs specific to voluntary bars; 4) providing a resource hub packed with tools and activities to help voluntary bar associations thrive; and 5) guiding the Board of Governors on the interpretation of The Florida Bar’s programs for voluntary bar associations and individual members.
Voluntary Bar Leaders Conference: Every July, the Voluntary Bar Liaison Committee hosts the highly anticipated Voluntary Bar Leaders Conference, the exciting culmination of months of planning and collaboration. The 2024 conference took place on July 12-13 at the vibrant Margaritaville Resort Orlando. With the theme, “Make A Splash,” the event was designed to empower bar leaders at all levels, equipping them with the tools to achieve their leadership goals.
Co-chairs Ani Rodriguez-Newbern and Lauren Baugh spearheaded this dynamic conference, which featured an incredible lineup of speakers from across the state. These experts represented all facets of bar organizations, sharing their insights and experiences.
The conference kicked off with an inspiring keynote by Dr. Rochelle Gapere, a nationally recognized speaker. Dr. Gapere shared powerful insights on how to make happiness-enhancing decisions every day, providing actionable advice that resonated with every leader in the room.
Thanks to generous sponsorship support, the conference offered an affordable registration fee, resulting in record attendance and an unforgettable experience for all attendees.
Beyond the annual conference, the committee has been hard at work staying connected with the voluntary bar community throughout the year. With stellar support from The Florida Bar Communications Department, we have continued to power three exciting online initiatives that keep the conversation going:
1) Facebook Group for Voluntary Bar Leaders: Our Facebook group has become a lively, interactive space where leaders across the state can share ideas, ask questions, and collaborate. With nearly 300 members, this group is the go-to platform for exchanging insights and sparking new conversations.
2) The Florida Voluntary Bars Facebook page continues to grow and thrive! With nearly 800 followers, the page is dedicated to promoting and celebrating the outstanding work of Florida’s voluntary bar organizations. It is where bar leaders can stay updated on news, events, and announcements — keeping the community engaged year-round.
3) The Voluntary Bar Center remains a dynamic, ever-expanding hub filled with resources designed to support Florida’s local and specialty bar associations. From leadership to membership and operations, the Center provides everything bar organizations need to succeed. It has also been an essential tool for The Florida Bar in gathering key data for various programming activities. Thanks to the ongoing success of the Voluntary Bar Center website (https://www.floridabar.org/about/volbars/), we are excited to keep growing this valuable resource and expand the tools available to our bar associations.
4) Recognizing the critical role voluntary bars play in advancing the practice and professionalism of Florida’s lawyers, the committee launched a Voluntary Bar Leaders Resource Survey. The survey aims to collect valuable feedback from bar leaders on how The Florida Bar can better support this essential community through the collecting and sharing of needed materials and resources. The survey results will be used to generate summary reports with recommendations, while also gathering input from bar leaders on key priorities moving forward.
5) Committee Appointments Initiative: The committee has continued its efforts to ensure circuit representation and diversity within its membership, as well as to recruit future members of the Voluntary Bar Liaison Committee. All circuits are now represented, and we have welcomed new members who bring fresh perspectives and energy. The committee has been proactive in monitoring vacancies due to term limits and has conducted extensive outreach to ensure broad participation. These efforts have been recognized by leadership and have contributed to the continued strength of the committee.
Looking ahead, the Voluntary Bar Liaison Committee is gearing up for the 2025 Voluntary Bar Leaders Conference, which will be held on July 11-12 at the cutting-edge Sunseeker Resort in Charlotte Harbor. The theme for this year, “Tech Trek,” designed to immerse leaders at all levels in the latest technology trends. The conference will provide participants with the tools and knowledge needed to enhance their roles as both attorneys and bar leaders, equipping them with actionable, tech-driven insights.
Co-Chairs Lauren Baugh and Carleen Leffler are leading the charge, ensuring an exciting event with expert speakers from across the state. The conference will feature programming tailored to organizations of all sizes, giving attendees the resources they need to thrive in the evolving legal landscape.
We are also thrilled to announce that 2025-2026 Florida Bar President Rosalyn Sia Baker-Barnes will be a headline speaker, adding even more excitement to this year’s conference. With ambitious sponsorship efforts in place, we are confident that this year’s support will exceed expectations, creating an unforgettable experience for all attendees. Thank You!
A heartfelt thank you to everyone involved in the voluntary bar program and to the incredible Florida Bar staff. The committee’s successes would not be possible without your ongoing support and dedication.
Ani Rodriguez-Newbern, Chair
Wills, Trusts and Estates Certification
The 2024-2025 Wills, Trusts and Estates Certification Committee consists of eight committee members, six at-large members including Anthony Guettler, Mark Manceri, David Shulman, Gary Leuchtman, Duane Pinnock, and Justin Larson along with two chairs. Jennifer Okcular is currently the chair of the committee and Seth Marmor is serving as vice chair.
This year the committee worked on developing an updated exam consisting of new and modified bank questions which were revised to take into account current changes in the law, the updated exam requirements, and to ensure that the questions were tailored to the defined minimally qualified candidate. The committee worked to ensure that the exam requirements were more transparent by updating the current sample exam questions that are released for those interested in sitting for the exam and to determine how best to disseminate exam information to the applicants so that they could adequately prepare for the exam. Finally, the committee continued its work to determine additional ways to encourage attorneys to apply for Board certification. During the year, the committee reviewed 51 recertification applications and 29 initial applications for Board certification, which is an increase from the previous two years. The exam will take place on May 16, 2025.
I thank the committee members and Florida Bar certification specialists for their commitment to the committee and to upholding the high standards of the wills, trusts and estates board certification. A special thank you goes to our committee’s certification specialist, Emellia Richardson, who is always a pleasure to work with. I look forward to the continued growth of the wills, trusts and estates board certification membership and thank those currently certified in the area for continuing to uphold the reputation of competence and professionalism. To those who are thinking of applying to become certified in the area, we encourage you to participate in the review course and we look forward to welcoming you into the area. It has been my pleasure to serve as chair of the Wills, Trusts and Estates Certification Committee and I look forward to the continued success of the board certification area.
Jennifer Okcular, Chair
Workers’ Compensation Certification
The Workers’ Compensation Certification Committee is charged with overseeing the certification of practitioners as specialists recognized by The Florida Bar in the area of workers’ compensation law. The committee takes that responsibility very seriously, and countless hours are spent vetting applications for certification, as well as for recertification, paying particular attention to an applicant’s legal experience and their reputation among their colleagues and the judges they appear before. We also dedicate a significant amount of time to drafting, revising, and then grading the exams.
The dedicated members of this year’s committee include myself, Vice Chair Tracey Hyde, Past Chair Juliana Curtis, Judge Frank Clark, Kristen Magana, Frank Wesighan, Kenneth Hesser, Brian Carter, and Mary Spagnola-Hills. I am thankful to each committee member for their time, diligence, hard work, and professionalism in carrying out their responsibility of ensuring the highest standards of board certification in the area of workers’ compensation law. A special thanks also goes to those workers’ compensation board certified attorneys who served as pre-testers, as well as to the exam consultants for their comments on how to improve the proposed exam and comply with the recent changes in the exam requirements. Last, but certainly not least, the committee thanks our Florida Bar staff liaison, Haley McQuaig. Our committee could not have accomplished as much as we have, smoothly and professionally, without her dedication and attention to detail.
The committee met numerous times throughout the year, primarily by Zoom, but also in-person in August at the Annual WCI Workers’ Compensation Educational Conference in Orlando. We look forward to our upcoming meeting in June when we grade the exams of those applicants who we approved to sit for this year’s test.
This year, the committee went beyond reviewing applications and drafting/grading exams by promoting the benefits of board certification among those workers’ compensation practitioners who have not yet achieved this honor. Any workers’ compensation related event that has a committee member attending is an opportunity we use to promote board certification to lawyers in the workers’ compensation field. We are not limiting our reach to younger attorneys, however, but have also promoted board certification to seasoned attorneys who want to take that next step in their career.
Serving on this committee has been a highlight to my career and have found it very rewarding.
Matthew Carrillo, Chair
Workers’ Compensation Rules Advisory
2024-2025 was an unusual year for the Workers’ Compensation Rules Advisory Committee (WCRAC). The WCRAC met on August 20, 2024, at the WCI Educational Conference in Orlando, to adopt new internal operating procedures. The WCRAC did not discuss any substantive rule proposals during the year due to its anticipated dissolution.
More particularly, the WCRAC serves a unique role due to the administrative nature of workers’ compensation practice. While other rules committees’ deliberations ultimately make their way to the Florida Supreme Court, it is the Division of Administrative Hearings that has rulemaking authority for workers’ compensation cases. In re Amendments to the Florida Rules of Workers’ Compensation Procedure, 891 So. 2d 474 (Fla. 2004). Because the WCRAC’s activities concern the executive branch, The Florida Bar Board of Governors determined that they could be deemed lobbying activities. This created concern due to constitutional limitations on lobbying activities funded by mandatory dues. The board has, therefore, been hesitant to endorse any recommendations of the WCRAC in recent years.
As WCRAC chair, I met with Bar counsel, the board’s Program Evaluation Committee, and the Workers’ Compensation Section Executive Council to discuss options. It was ultimately agreed that the WCRAC should be dissolved and reconstituted as an arm of the Workers’ Compensation Section. The committee’s funding will then come from section dues.
The WCRAC met via video conference on November 5, 2024, specifically to discuss the dissolution proposal. Members voted 20-0-1 to dissolve, and for the section to take over the WCRAC’s functions. The Program Evaluation Committee met on December 12, 2024, and voted to recommend dissolution to the board.
The Workers’ Compensation Section Executive Council will determine the structure and membership of its internal rule advisory committee at its upcoming meeting on April 9, 2025, at the Omni Champions Gate in Orlando.
The WCRAC has made significant contributions to the practice of workers’ compensation law, which has become a much more rigorous endeavor during the last 20 years. An article discussing the history of the Bar’s contributions to the workers’ compensation rulemaking process will be published in the spring edition of the News & 440 Report, the section’s quarterly periodical. The article will also go into greater detail regarding the reasons for the WCRAC’s closure.
The irony of becoming chair just in time to oversee the committee’s closure is not lost on me, as it has been my privilege to serve on the WCRAC for nine of my 10 1/2 years in practice. I thank all of The Florida Bar staff liaisons who have assisted the WCRAC over the years, but especially Bar liaison Michael Hodges. I also thank Vice Chair Eric Christiansen for his support during a tumultuous year.
Neil A. Ambekar, Chair
